Research Paper
Moslem Salehian; Shahab Bahrami; Nazanini Rasekh; Ayeh Rizevandi
Abstract
The aim of this study is the role of information and communication technology in the development of sports startups. Current study In terms of purpose is Practical, and In terms of data collection method. It was descriptive-survey. In the first part (qualitative) to conduct the field interview, the statistical ...
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The aim of this study is the role of information and communication technology in the development of sports startups. Current study In terms of purpose is Practical, and In terms of data collection method. It was descriptive-survey. In the first part (qualitative) to conduct the field interview, the statistical population of the research, prominent professors in the field of sports management specializing in entrepreneurship and information and communication technology, prominent sports startups as well as sports entrepreneurs are formed. Interviews were selected (14 interviews with 13 individuals and continued until theoretical saturation). In the second part (quantitative), after collecting information from qualitative research, the questionnaire was constructed and this questionnaire (28 items, in the form of three components of formation, validation and growth) among sports startups (staffing) and their managers) were distributed (sample: 86 people). Use elongation and skew indices to check the distribution of data (normal or abnormal) and to examine and answer the research questions and draw and compile a measurement model and a structural model of SPSS software were used. The results showed that information and communication technology is effective in the development of sports startups in the formation, validation and growth stages. Which has the greatest impact on growth.
Research Paper
Pariya Azizi; Farshad Emami; nazanin rasekh
Abstract
The purpose of this study was developing a strategic Marketing planning for Karate Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran based on strategic studies with had implemented by mixed methodology. This research was an applied research, based on data collection was field research and Descriptive- Analytic ...
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The purpose of this study was developing a strategic Marketing planning for Karate Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran based on strategic studies with had implemented by mixed methodology. This research was an applied research, based on data collection was field research and Descriptive- Analytic type. The statistical population of this research was Presidents and Vice presidents, officials of Karate Federation committees, Faculty members of sports management, Sports marketing experts and activists, Karate champions and coaches. The size of statistical population was 63 Specialists. The statistical sample in this research is equal to the statistical population (Census). Research tools include SWOT identification questionnaire, Internal and external factors questionnaire, internal/external environmental factors questionnaire and SWOT matrix form was also interviewing with members of the research was applied to the extent of theoretical saturation to formulate strategies. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 14 experts and the reliability of the questionnaires was obtained through Cronbach's alpha coefficient of (α=0.89). To analyze data and formulate strategies SWOT analysis method and for Prioritize strategies quantitative strategic planning method were used. Findings showed that the strategic marketing plan of the Karate Federation has 14 strengths and 16 weaknesses in internal dimensions and also 13 opportunities and 12 threats in the external dimension. With regard designing the internal and external evaluation matrix, the Karate Federation's strategic marketing position was in a competitive position and ST position.
Research Paper
Akbar Jaberi; Zakieh Manzeli
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of media literacy on self-control of football fans with respect to the mediating role of cultural capital. The present study is a quantitative, cross-sectional and correlational study that has been conducted in the field. The statistical population ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of media literacy on self-control of football fans with respect to the mediating role of cultural capital. The present study is a quantitative, cross-sectional and correlational study that has been conducted in the field. The statistical population of the study included football fans who were active in cyberspace. 388 fans of Iranian Premier League teams were selected as a statistical sample using purposive sampling method based on Krejcie & Morgan table. After distributing the questionnaires, 388 questionnaires were completed and collected completely and structural equation modeling (PLS) test was used to test the research hypotheses. The results showed that media literacy has a significant effect on self-control (β= 0.394) as well as on the cultural capital of football fans in cyberspace (β= 0.399). Based on the results, the effect of cultural capital on the self-control of football fans in cyberspace was reported to be significant (β= 0.337) and it was shown that media literacy has a significant effect on the self-control of football fans in Virtual space with the mediating role of cultural capital (β= 0.221). The value of the GOF index also indicated the proper fitness of the research model.
Research Paper
Sports Media
SeyedAhad Hashemian; Hamid Ghasemi; Masoome Hosseini
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the concept of media power and to obtain operational strategies to adopt new ways of using media in sports development. This is a qualitative research that was conducted using Grounded Theory and Strauss and Corbin's approach. The statistical population ...
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The purpose of this research was to investigate the concept of media power and to obtain operational strategies to adopt new ways of using media in sports development. This is a qualitative research that was conducted using Grounded Theory and Strauss and Corbin's approach. The statistical population of the research included 14 experts in the field of sports and media management and experienced specialists in the field of sports media, and to collect data, targeted sampling was used with semi-structured interview method and reaching theoretical saturation. Data analysis was carried out through three stages of open coding, central coding, and selective coding, with an emphasis on media power sources as the central phenomenon and subcategories, causal, contextual, intervening conditions, consequences, and strategies. In order to ensure the validity and reliability of the research, the interviews with some people were repeated several times and the results in several stages were seen by several experienced professors and interviewees, and in the meantime, the focus groups of the participants in the research were also used. Based on the results obtained from the research, media acquisition, audience persuasion,, media specialization and legal support were identified as causal conditions and the ability to flow, demand, generate income, build trust, authority, legitimacy, transparency and the type of media ownership as underlying factors and the intervening factors to Two categories of facilitators and obstacles of media power in sports development were identified.
Research Paper
Abed Mahmoudian; Saeed Sadeghi Boruojerdi; Mohsen Heidari Toupkanlou
Abstract
In today's sport industry, the proper use of social media can be used as a strategy to create a distinction for a sports team brand in a highly competitive market. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to analyze the response of fans to the brand attributes of sports teams in the social network ...
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In today's sport industry, the proper use of social media can be used as a strategy to create a distinction for a sports team brand in a highly competitive market. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to analyze the response of fans to the brand attributes of sports teams in the social network Instagram. The research method was descriptive-analytical. 577 Instagram posts were analyzed from two football sports teams, in which the photos were based on related attributes (team success, star players and head coach) and unrelated (brand, management, club history and tradition, club values and culture, Event image, sponsor, fans and stadium) were categorized by product. Statistical analysis included analyzing the content of Instagram posts related to teams and examining the number of likes and comments related to posts. The findings showed; The most posts shared by both teams were about the team's success, the star players and the team coach. Also, the highest number of likes and comments were related to posts with the content of team success, star players, head coach, fans for Esteghlal team and the highest number of likes and comments for Persepolis team were related to posts with event image, success, star player and head coach content. This study highlights the importance of each of the brand characteristics of sports teams in the midst of online interaction and engagement of fans. it is suggested that marketing and sports managers of teams should have a better understanding of the semiotics of images
Research Paper
Reza Mortazi; Azadeh Seyedalinejad; Mohamad Jalilvand
Abstract
The present study was designed and conducted to investigate the mediating role of agile marketing on the relationship between comparative advantage and competitive advantage and acceptance of digital marketing of sports products. The present study is a descriptive research that from the perspective of ...
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The present study was designed and conducted to investigate the mediating role of agile marketing on the relationship between comparative advantage and competitive advantage and acceptance of digital marketing of sports products. The present study is a descriptive research that from the perspective of purpose is one of the applied research that was conducted in the field. The statistical population of the study consists of all customers of sports products. Due to the size of the statistical population and the uncertainty of its number, the statistical sample was selected based on Morgan sample size determination table for an unlimited population of 384 customers in Hamedan, which was randomly selected as a multi-stage cluster. Were selected. In order to collect information in the present study, a questionnaire of 21 questions (1400) was used to assess agile marketing. This questionnaire measures 5 variables of supply chain agility (4 questions), integrity (4 questions), agile management (2 questions), flexibility (3 questions) and marketing methods (7 questions). The 6-item Nosir and Al-Jumah (2020) questionnaire was used to measure competitive advantage, the 3-item Nosir and Al-Jumah (2020) questionnaire was used to measure comparative advantage, and the 4-item Nosir and Al-Jumah (2020) questionnaire was used to measure digital marketing acceptance. In order to analyze the data of the present study, the structural equation method was used. According to the results of the present study,
Research Paper
Sara Keshkar; Ali Afsay; Hojjat Kazemini
Abstract
The purpose of the current research is to understand the challenges of interpersonal communication etiquette in international sports events and to provide optimal solutions in the post-Corona era. This work was done by conducting qualitative research of phenomenological type, which method is exploratory. ...
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The purpose of the current research is to understand the challenges of interpersonal communication etiquette in international sports events and to provide optimal solutions in the post-Corona era. This work was done by conducting qualitative research of phenomenological type, which method is exploratory. In order to conduct field interviews, the statistical population of the research includes national team athletes, national team coaches, sports management specialists, sports psychology specialists, sports sociologists and viral disease specialists, who are targeted for interviews. Qualitative research was selected (56 interviews with 56 people and continued until theoretical saturation). The process of coding and analyzing the interviews was done in MaxQDA Pro version software. The results showed that the challenges of interpersonal communication etiquette in international sports events include cultural-social, value, educational, communication and health challenges. Also, the results showed that there are 19 communication models among athletes, which were chosen for major reasons such as respectful behavior, hygiene, attention to cultural values, transfer of friendship, originality of behavior, transmission of Olympic values and optimal performance. Are also, the desirable solutions in the field of interpersonal communication etiquette in international sports events included modeling, educational, and managerial, features of the proposed model and media? In providing optimal solutions, this research also suggests using the cultural customs of placing hands on the chest and keeping a proper distance instead of shaking hands.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Bahareh Rahmanian Kooshkaki; Marziyeh Khalifeh Soltani; Saeed Jafari
Abstract
of sports media management with the approach of developing sports diplomacy. The research method was qualitative, grounded theory method, systematic analysis approach. The statistical population included managers of sports organizations, members of the sports media, and university sports science professors, ...
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of sports media management with the approach of developing sports diplomacy. The research method was qualitative, grounded theory method, systematic analysis approach. The statistical population included managers of sports organizations, members of the sports media, and university sports science professors, and sampling was done in the form of a snowball. A semi-structured interview was used to collect information, and the researcher reached theoretical saturation by conducting 17 interviews. The validity of the interview questions was confirmed step by step by the experts and the reliability of the questions was obtained through the retest reliability of 94%. By analyzing the data by Maxqda software, 465 primary codes, 51 sub-categories and 13 main categories were obtained, and the research model was designed through three stages of open coding, axial coding and selective coding. Based on the paradigmatic model of Strauss and Corbin, the categories were placed in the axes of causal, contextual, intervening factors, strategies and consequences. The results showed that the strategic view and interactionism will lead to economic growth, cultural growth and international reputation, and finally globalization and achieving soft power. Therefore, officials should try to manage sports media by creating a structured and targeted program.
Research Paper
maryam khajeh salehani; Hamid Ghasemi; Ali Asghar Doroudian; hasan khojasteh bagherzadeh; Shiva AzadFada
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop an interpretive structural model for the development of student sports through the media. The method of the present study was grounded theory with Charms approach or structural-interpretive approach. Indicators of student sports development were identified through ...
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The purpose of this study was to develop an interpretive structural model for the development of student sports through the media. The method of the present study was grounded theory with Charms approach or structural-interpretive approach. Indicators of student sports development were identified through the media and a model was designed with an interpretive structural model. The statistical population of this study included all university sports experts, sports management professors and sports media specialists. Sampling was done by relative random method and the sample size was 398 according to Morgan table. The Mick Mac matrix was used to collect data. Data were analyzed by MicMac software. The results showed that the development of financial resources for student sports, the development of human resources for student sports and the development of scientific resources for student sports are most affected by sports media. Also, the results of Mick Mac matrix showed that the indicators of legal environment development, cultural environment development and scientific environment development in the area of influence, human resources development and financial resources development in the transplant area and development of sports facilities and infrastructure in the region are dependent. Sustainable development of student sports will not be possible without considering the media and its related potentials, and university sports managers should pay more attention to this.
Research Paper
farid ganji; saeed sadeghibouroujerdi
Abstract
Ambush marketing is defined as an organization's planned campaign that aims to indirectly link to the event in order to gain recognition and benefit from the official sponsor. The aim of this study was to identify and rank the ambush marketing components in domestic sports media. This study was carried ...
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Ambush marketing is defined as an organization's planned campaign that aims to indirectly link to the event in order to gain recognition and benefit from the official sponsor. The aim of this study was to identify and rank the ambush marketing components in domestic sports media. This study was carried out by a mixed method of consecutive exploratory design in two qualitative and quantitative phases. The qualitative part was done using content analysis method and the quantitative part was done using ranking method (AHP). The statistical population was the qualitative section of experts in the field of marketing and sports media who had sufficient lived experience in the subject. The data collection tool was through in-depth interviews and the sampling method was purposefully selected. The statistical sample was determined according to the researcher's theoretical saturation (N = 14), and after three coding steps, 7 main components were obtained in the main themes stage. In a quantitative stage, a questionnaire was designed based on the obtained components and distributed among experts in the field of marketing and sports media. A pairwise comparison of the components was performed and the relative and absolute weights of the components were obtained. The results showed the importance and weight of the components as follows: the concept of ambush marketing, ambush marketing knowledge, sponsor, media role, expertise, star player, virtual networks, inventions. In the qualitative stage, NViVO10 quality data analysis software was used and in the quantitative stage, Expert Choice 11 software was used
Research Paper
Mohammad Faraji; Seyyed Jafar Moosavi; Farshad Emami
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of personal branding of professional athletes on Instagram on sports immigration. Descriptive research method of the type of correlation and necessary information was obtained using library studies and two questionnaires: 1. Personal brand of professional ...
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of personal branding of professional athletes on Instagram on sports immigration. Descriptive research method of the type of correlation and necessary information was obtained using library studies and two questionnaires: 1. Personal brand of professional athletes Faraji et al.(2021), 2. Reasons for immigration of elite athletes, Bagheri et al. (2019). The statistical population is all professional athletes active on Instagram, and using Cochran's formula for an unlimited population, the number of 384 sample people was purposefully determined. The face and content validity of the questionnaires were approved by the professors and its reliability was also confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test. The results showed that personal branding has an effect on sports immigration, as it explains about 20% of the causes of sports immigration. According to the value of beta coefficient, the amount of this effect was 0.446. Among the four factors of personal brand; ethical and political factors of the brand had a significant effect on immigration, and personal and functional factors had no effect. Also, the personal branding of athletes has had an effect on the social, economic, political and professional aspects of sports immigration, respectively. Social networks enable athletes to influence the immigration process in a digital space. Immigration is made up of several layers of athletes, owners, managers, representatives, officials and members of the media and it includes not only economic factors through marketing strategies, but also political, historical, geographical, social and cultural factors.
Research Paper
Validating Research Tool
Ahmad Karimipoor; mehdi kohandel; Hossein Abdolmaleki; Seyednemat Khalifeh
Abstract
This research has been done with the aim of building and validating a digital transformation evaluation questionnaire in sports businesses. The purpose of this research is an exploratory research in which after studying the theoretical literature, the calculated indicators were validated using the fuzzy ...
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This research has been done with the aim of building and validating a digital transformation evaluation questionnaire in sports businesses. The purpose of this research is an exploratory research in which after studying the theoretical literature, the calculated indicators were validated using the fuzzy Delphi panel and classical psychometrics. The statistical population of this research in the fuzzy Delphi study was made up of experts in the field of digital sports businesses, 10 of whom were purposefully selected. Also, in the classic psychometric study, the statistical population was the employees of sports businesses, of which 338 answered the researcher-made questionnaire. After confirming the screening of the items and checking the hypotheses, the implementation of exploratory factor analysis with the method of principal components and Varimax rotation resulted in the extraction of 10 factors of governance and digital leadership, employee experience (internal customers), technology, innovation, model Business and ecosystem, customer experience (external customers), business processes, digital strategy, culture and skills and data. In addition, the use of second-order confirmatory factor analysis led to the confirmation of 10 questions and their related indicators. Finally, the validity of divergence, convergence and reliability of the questionnaire showed that the compatibility of the conceptual model with the tested model is suitable. Therefore, the scores obtained from the researcher-made questionnaire for evaluating the digital transformation of sports businesses have good reliability and validity to measure the digital transformation in the aforementioned businesses.
Research Paper
Saeid Omrani; Mozafar Yektayar; Mozhgan Khodamoradpor
Abstract
The present study was conducted to scenario the future of the country's sports media using futures research. The method used in this research is scenario-based planning, which is designed and implemented in eight steps. The method of data collection in this study is qualitative and using interviews, ...
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The present study was conducted to scenario the future of the country's sports media using futures research. The method used in this research is scenario-based planning, which is designed and implemented in eight steps. The method of data collection in this study is qualitative and using interviews, expert panel and Delphi survey. Twenty experts with specialized knowledge or practical experience were selected as members of the group participating in the research by snowball. Also, Micmac software and Scenario Wizard have been used to analyze the data. The findings of this study are presented in two parts. The first part involves identifying and categorizing key components, drivers, and related uncertainties. 5 drivers of changing the content of sports media, updating the content of sports media based on the needs of the community, needs assessment of the community regarding the content of sports media, training of human resources and specialists for sports media by educational and academic centers and The development of a comprehensive program for the qualitative development of sports media is specified in this section and the relationships between effectiveness and effectiveness between the components are analyzed. The second part identifies and describes possible and compatible scenarios based on the propulsions and related uncertainties, and it was found that out of the two proposed scenarios, there is only one scenario in a promising situation (Scenario 1). Scenario 2 is also in a critical situation.
Research Paper
Mehri Tabrizi Yeganeh; Mina Hakakzadeh; Mohsen Manoochehri Nejad
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to present a model of the role of media in investing and financing in the sports tourism industry. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of approach and the theme analysis has been used. For the field interview, the research participants ...
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The purpose of this study is to present a model of the role of media in investing and financing in the sports tourism industry. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of approach and the theme analysis has been used. For the field interview, the research participants included university professors and managers of sports tourism (23 people). The sampling method was purposeful. Data were analyzed using continuous comparison method using MaxiCode Pro software. The results of content analysis showed that there are 4 organizing themes (motivational, educational, information and cultural) and 22 basic themes as dimensions of the role of media in investing and financing in the sports tourism industry. Also, by examining the frequencies of each of the organizing themes, it was found that the motivational and informational organizing theme is more frequent than the other themes. Given the prominent role of various media on the development of investment and financing in the sports tourism industry, solving its challenges should be one of the main goals of sports media development programs, which is recommended by the media. Benefit from the results of the present study.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Seyed Ehsan AmirHoseni; Ayob Ameri; Ehsan Moradian
Abstract
The current research was conducted with the aim of comparing the willingness to buy domestic and foreign sports brands of generation Z customers with an emphasis on social media influencers. The current research was a survey research. The statistical population of the current research includes all customers ...
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The current research was conducted with the aim of comparing the willingness to buy domestic and foreign sports brands of generation Z customers with an emphasis on social media influencers. The current research was a survey research. The statistical population of the current research includes all customers of generation Z of sports stores in Yasouj city, and complete information about their number was not available. According to Cochran's sample size formula, 384 people were identified as the research sample in the conditions of uncertainty of the population size. The data collection tool included the questionnaire of social media influencers by Son et al. (2021) as well as the questionnaire by Boon et al. (2020). In order to analyze the data, independent t method and analysis of variance test were used. According to the results, it was found that there is a significant difference between the desire to buy domestic sports brands of generation Z customers based on the type of social media influencers (F=13.658; significance level=0.001). In such a way, the willingness to buy domestic sports brands of generation Z customers in the group of friends and peers (2.85) is more than other groups. According to the results, it was found that there is a significant difference between the willingness to buy foreign sports brands of generation Z customers based on the type of social media influencers (F=11.587; significance level=0.001).
Research Paper
Elham Haghighat; Hossein Abdolmaleki; Mahvash Nourbakhsh; Parivash Nourbakhsh; Ebrahim Alidoust Ghahfarokhi
Abstract
One of the issues that has attracted the attention of many adolescents in recent years is the attention to physical appearance by increasing the volume and muscle mass, which has increased the prevalence of eating disorders and energy consumption habits Anti-marketing can be considered as a good way ...
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One of the issues that has attracted the attention of many adolescents in recent years is the attention to physical appearance by increasing the volume and muscle mass, which has increased the prevalence of eating disorders and energy consumption habits Anti-marketing can be considered as a good way to reduce the consumption of products that can cause problems for individuals and society. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of public relations on Anti-marketing of doping drugs with mediating of personal networks, public commentary and physical evidence in Irans sports. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of data analysis method. The statistical population of the study consisted of all athletes and coaches of sports who in the past years had the highest amount of energy use according to the report of the National Anti-Doping Agency. The sample size was 250 people according to the objectives and using PASS statistical software at an error level of 0.05. The data collection tool in this study was the standard questionnaire of Haghighat et al (2021). The results showed that the components of the research in all cases had a positive and significant role in the anti-marketing.
Research Paper
Sport Communication
Hossein Poursoltani Zarandi
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to analyze self-knowledge and other-knowledge (Jo-Hari window) of the employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Alborz province. The statistical population of this research was made up of the employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of ...
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The purpose of this research was to analyze self-knowledge and other-knowledge (Jo-Hari window) of the employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Alborz province. The statistical population of this research was made up of the employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Alborz province (N = 129). Using Morgan's table, the number of statistical samples was estimated to be 97 tons, which were selected as available sampling. The research method is applied and of the analytical type, which was implemented in the field. In order to collect data, a 20-question questionnaire by Joseph Luft (1992) was used. Statistical methods include descriptive indices, graphic evaluation of self and others, and inferential analyzes including one-sample t-tests and independent t-tests, and one-way analysis of variance to compare the dependent variable based on qualitative demographic variables and with the help of Excel, SPSS and Stata software. The results showed that 27.80 and 28.5 were obtained from the total score of 50 related to providing feedback and willingness to disclose. In other words, the average level of 25, each of the 2 mentioned factors has a slight increasing trend and thus the level of the unknown house has decreased very little. There is a significant difference in the willingness to disclose factor based on gender, so men had higher average scores. Also, the results showed that there is no significant difference between the employees in the factor of providing feedback and willingness to disclose based on educational qualification.
Research Paper
Masomeh Hamzeh; Habib Honari; Farzad Ghafouri; Gholamreza Shabani Bahar
Abstract
The media has a significant role in the development of the cultural indicators of sports clubs. Therefore, the present study was designed and implemented in line with the analysis of the role of media in the development of the cultural indicators of Iranian professional sports clubs. The present study ...
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The media has a significant role in the development of the cultural indicators of sports clubs. Therefore, the present study was designed and implemented in line with the analysis of the role of media in the development of the cultural indicators of Iranian professional sports clubs. The present study was a descriptive-survey in terms of applied purpose, which was intertwined on the basis of the research approach. The statistical population of the present study included referees, players, coaches, club managers, media associates, academic experts and senior managers and policymakers. The method of sampling was targeted to the theoretical saturation (17); And in the quantitative part, the statistical community was the same quality (89). The present research tool included semi -structural interviews and questionnaires. Open, axial and selective coding data were used to check the quality of the quality, and in the quantitative part of the method of modeling the structural equation was used. The results of the analysis of the interviews showed that cultural indicators consisted of 4 categories and 14 open codes and media including 2 categories and 8 open codes. The results of the small section also showed that the research model was of good fit; and it can be concluded that the use of the media by the trustees of sports clubs, coaches, managers and athletes leads to the development of cultural indexes of professional sports clubs.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Mohammad Hassan Ferdowsi; seyed reza musavi
Abstract
This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of media literacy on the physical literacy of sports audiences. According to the method of implementation, the research method is field type. The statistical population of this research included all the audience of Arak city who followed ...
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This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of media literacy on the physical literacy of sports audiences. According to the method of implementation, the research method is field type. The statistical population of this research included all the audience of Arak city who followed sports programs including provincial and national from various media such as television, magazines, virtual space, etc. In order to determine the statistical sample of the research, the available random method was used and 250questionnaires were distributed among all contacts, and finally 200 questionnaires were returned and analyzed. Standard questionnaires were used to collect data. To check media literacy, Tamman's media literacy questionnaire (1995) with 59 items was used, and to measure physical literacy, Sam et al.'s standard physical literacy questionnaire (2016) including 9 items was used. After verifying the content validity of the research tool, Cronbach's alpha test was used by 8 sports management professors to determine the reliability of the questionnaires, and coefficients above 0.7 were obtained. To test the hypotheses of the research, the structural equation modeling test was used using SPSS version 24 and PLS version 3 software. The results showed; Media literacy has a significant effect on the dimensions of physical literacy, including audience understanding and knowledge, self-feeling and self-confidence, as well as self-expression and communication with others. According to their educational role, the media can promote sports and physical activities among the audience and they will become more aware of physical activities.
Research Paper
siros jafari zafarabadi; Saeed Sadeghi Boruojerdi; reza saboonchi
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the interventional role of social media in differentiating the services of private clubs in Lorestan province using Hawks' strategic planning model.The statistical population of the study was the experts in the qualitative stage (sport management professors) and in ...
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The aim of this study was to analyze the interventional role of social media in differentiating the services of private clubs in Lorestan province using Hawks' strategic planning model.The statistical population of the study was the experts in the qualitative stage (sport management professors) and in the quantitative stage the clients of private sport clubs in Lorestan province. In the qualitative section, the purposeful sampling method and theoretical saturation criterion in this method ended with the number of interviews; In the quantitative part of the study, random sampling method and 306 questionnaires were collected for sampling. Since the present study is a combination of the first part of the research, a semi-structured interview was designed based on the Delta Strategic Planning Model. The researcher-made questionnaire was also used in the quantitative part of the study. The structure of this questionnaire was based on information obtained from the qualitative part of the research. The conceptual model test of the research showed that customer commitment to a comprehensive system and solution to business mission; business mission to industry characteristics and competitive position; competitive position to business performance; acquisition to effectiveness and innovation to operations; innovation And the effectiveness of survey operations, and the impact of targeting on business processes have a significant positive impact. However, the impact of the best product on business mission and industry structure on business execution was not confirmed. The intervening role of social media in differentiating the services of private clubs in Lorestan province was also confirmed.
Research Paper
Afsaneh Zare; Mina Hakakzadeh; Seyed Jalil Miryosefi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to design a paradigm model of media performance management of the Student Sports Federation of the country, the method of consecutive exploratory (qualitative-quantitative) exploratory research. Participants in the quality department include professors of sports management ...
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The purpose of this study was to design a paradigm model of media performance management of the Student Sports Federation of the country, the method of consecutive exploratory (qualitative-quantitative) exploratory research. Participants in the quality department include professors of sports management (who have done at least one study in the field of performance management), directors of associations and provincial boards, and members of the Student Sports Federation. These people were purposefully selected for qualitative interviews on the subject of research (20 interviews with 20 people and continued to the point of theoretical saturation) and in the second part (quantitative) after collecting information from qualitative research, action was taken. A questionnaire was made and this questionnaire was distributed among the sample of the quality section (in full) (75 people). Statistical sample was the maximum number of samples according to Morgan table (63 people) and random sampling method was available. Structural equation method using Smart-PLS software was used to analyze the model. In the qualitative part of the research, it was found that the categories were identified in the form of 41 concept codes and were placed in the heart of the six dimensions of the paradigm model. In the quantitative part, it was found that all 6 main components of the research have a good fit. The directors of the Student Sports Federation of the country are suggested to use the strategies obtained in this research in order to improve the management of media performance in this organization.
Research Paper
Sajad Alipor; Keivan Shabani Moghadam; Esmaeil Sharifian; Mohamad Nikravan
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to design a model of the consequences of the privatization of sports media. This research is practical and has a qualitative approach, and the foundation data theory method (Glaseri method) is used as a research method. The method of data collection is the study of theoretical ...
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The purpose of this research is to design a model of the consequences of the privatization of sports media. This research is practical and has a qualitative approach, and the foundation data theory method (Glaseri method) is used as a research method. The method of data collection is the study of theoretical foundations and in-depth structured and open interviews with 19 prominent professors in the field of sports management specializing in privatization and sports media, managers of written, audio and visual sports media. The sampling method was continued in a purposeful manner until theoretical saturation. The validity of this research was checked and confirmed by the interviewees and then expert professors. Reliability was also obtained by using the process audit study method, the results were 89.9%. For data analysis, continuous comparison method was used during three stages of open, central and selective coding with MaxQDA software. Data analysis showed that 28 conceptual codes, six main categories and two core codes are among the most important consequences of sports media privatization. Considering the influence of the model of the consequences of the privatization of sports media in the development and improvement of the state of sports in the country, it is recommended to use the results of the present research in order to formulate the model of the consequences of the privatization of sports media.
Research Paper
Fatemeh Javadi; Adel Afkhar; Majid Solimani
Abstract
The current research was designed and implemented with the aim of the role of social media on the success and continuity of private sports clubs. The current research was descriptive-survey in terms of its practical purpose, in terms of the method of data collection, which was mixed based on the research ...
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The current research was designed and implemented with the aim of the role of social media on the success and continuity of private sports clubs. The current research was descriptive-survey in terms of its practical purpose, in terms of the method of data collection, which was mixed based on the research approach. The statistical population of the present research in the qualitative part includes professors of sports management who had conducted research (at least two cases) in the field of media and sports clubs, as well as managers of public and private sports clubs who had doctoral education. The sampling method was purposeful. And in the quantitative part, the statistical population included all managers of public and private sports clubs in Hamadan city (109 people). The tools of this research included semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. In order to examine the data of the qualitative part, open, axial and selective coding was used, and in the quantitative part, the method of structural equation modeling was used. The results were done through open and axial coding in the form of two general components of social media and the success and continuity of the sports club. Also, the results showed that the research model has a good fit. Therefore, the managers of private sports clubs should pay the most attention to improving the management system, improving financial sponsors and using expert human resources in their sports clubs in order to achieve good career success in their business.
Research Paper
Jamal Abdi; Seyed Nasrollah Sajjadi; Mehrzad Hamidi; Hossein Rajabi NoshAbadi
Abstract
The current research was designed and implemented with the aim of designing a media performance evaluation model of Tehran Municipal Sports Organization. The current research was descriptive-survey in terms of its practical purpose, in terms of the method of data collection, which was mixed based on ...
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The current research was designed and implemented with the aim of designing a media performance evaluation model of Tehran Municipal Sports Organization. The current research was descriptive-survey in terms of its practical purpose, in terms of the method of data collection, which was mixed based on the research approach. The statistical population of the current research in the qualitative part included experts in the field of sports management and sports media who had the necessary experience and knowledge regarding the topic of the research (conducting at least two researches in line with the topic of the current research) and also managers of the Tehran Municipal Sports Organization who had an educational level of more than They had a master's degree, and in a small part of the statistical population, they included all municipal sports managers and members of the strategic council of the Tehran Municipal Sports Organization (145 people). The tools of this research included semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. In order to examine the data of the qualitative part, open and axial coding was used, and in the quantitative part, the method of structural equation modeling was used. The whole data analysis process of this research was done in SPSS version 24 and Smart PLS version 2 software. The results of the present research showed that the desired components in evaluating the media performance of the Tehran Municipal Sports Organization include 7 general components of information delivery, technical and human infrastructures, Inugame, economic application, publications, website and program.
Research Paper
AMIR HOSSEIN POURSAHEBI; Reza Shajie; abdolhamid ahmadi
Abstract
: Considering the nature of media and the importance of students' physical health, this research has examined the relationship between media literacy of parents and motor literacy of their children. In this research, 80 fifth grade students of non-profit schools in district 1 of subregion 12 of Tehran ...
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: Considering the nature of media and the importance of students' physical health, this research has examined the relationship between media literacy of parents and motor literacy of their children. In this research, 80 fifth grade students of non-profit schools in district 1 of subregion 12 of Tehran were selected by classification method and through Morgan's table. To measure students' physical literacy, the Fitnessgram test, including body composition (BMI), aerobic fitness (540 meters walking and running test), muscular fitness (sit-up test and swedish swimming of 90 degrees), fexibility (sit-and-reach flexibility test) and balance (Ball-handling skills) were used. In addition, 160 parents of these students were asked to complete the Media Literacy Questionnaire. The hypotheses of this research were tested by simple multiple regression method, Pearson's correlation and one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc test, and the research results indicate a positive and meaningful relationship between parents' media literacy and children's motor literacy. Based on that, it can be said that parents and related factors, by focusing on the function of the media, can provide reasons for the growth and development of motor literacy of students.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Seyed Ali Darakhshan; Ghodratoalahe Bagheri Ragheb; Ebrahi Alidost Ghahfarokhi; Ali Saberi; Ali Hamidizadeh
Abstract
Considering the comprehensiveness of the Islamic system ruling the country of Iran and the deep and simple view of this system and the person of the Supreme Leader to various social, cultural, etc. issues and the position of the sports category in the country; He has always had a special point of view ...
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Considering the comprehensiveness of the Islamic system ruling the country of Iran and the deep and simple view of this system and the person of the Supreme Leader to various social, cultural, etc. issues and the position of the sports category in the country; He has always had a special point of view towards this field and its impact and has said things worthy of reflection in different eras. The purpose of the current research is to examine the statements of the Supreme Leader in the two fields of public sports and championships from the perspective of Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis. The research method is qualitative and of the content analysis type, and the statistical population is the statements of His Holiness in meetings with different groups in all periods of his leadership in relation to the subject of the article, and it was selected purposefully. Most of the discursive breaks are of the activism type and the words "people", "community", "championship sport", "peak" and "domain" are repeated the most in the sentences.
Research Paper
Hossein Mohamadi Jameh; shahab bahrami; Hamid Ghasemi; Hossein Eydi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a model for gaining international prestige through sporting success. The research approach was qualitative and based on the data theory method. The statistical population of the research was scientific and executive experts who were aware of the issue, which led ...
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The purpose of this study was to develop a model for gaining international prestige through sporting success. The research approach was qualitative and based on the data theory method. The statistical population of the research was scientific and executive experts who were aware of the issue, which led to theoretical saturation through in-depth interviews in a purposeful manner and by snowball method with 12 people. The validity and reliability of the interviews were checked and confirmed by the interviewees, and for reliability, the method of agreement within the topic was used, which had high reliability in coding. To analyze the data, the coding method was used in three stages of open, axial and selective coding. Findings showed that according to the selected coding, causal conditions (economic factors, facilities and equipment and management requirements), Underlying conditions (international participation, media, sports development, government support), intervening conditions (environmental factors and institutions and laws) Strategies (economic support, management policies, scientific approach, culture building, education and research, special attention to women's sports and political-media support) and consequences (international prestige, national unity, highlighting athletes and coaches at the level international). The output of international fame was through sporting success. According to the results of the present study, it is suggested that sports policy makers pay special attention to the role and position of international success in gaining international prestige.
Research Paper
saeed yousefi; fateme abdavi; Yaquob Badriazarin; maryam moghadam
Abstract
In the first study, this research designed sports posts with the content of affective and instrumental benefits of sport, and in the second study, it measured their effect on sports intention, emotional satisfaction, and recall among students. The purpose of the first study was to design and evaluate ...
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In the first study, this research designed sports posts with the content of affective and instrumental benefits of sport, and in the second study, it measured their effect on sports intention, emotional satisfaction, and recall among students. The purpose of the first study was to design and evaluate Instagram sports posts with captions of affective and instrumental benefits of exercise along with pictures in eight separate conditions, and the results obtained from the first study indicated that the designed posts are suitable for each condition. The second study was also a 2 x 4 experimental design, in which the participants in eight separate conditions online viewed the Instagram sports posts designed in the first study. The results also indicated that there was a significant increase in the intention to follow the sport compared to the baseline in the emotional educational conditions (t(71)=-5.45, P < 0.001) and the physical educational conditions (t(55)=-3.26, P < 0.002). has it. Also, affective and instrumental informative sports posts had more emotional satisfaction and recall scores than other posts. Therefore, viewing informative Instagram sports posts with affective and instrumental captions has been more effective in encouraging sports activities compared to neutral, seductive and textual sports posts. This study provides evidence for the use of caption-related affective and instrumental visual content in Instagram sports posts to motivate people to exercise.
Research Paper
Maryam Sadat MahdiEslam; AliMohamad Safaniya; Mohsen Bagherian Farah Abadi; Seyed SalahoAldin Naghshbandi
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to design a match day revenue generation model in Iran's premier football league clubs with emphasis on the role of the media. Qualitative research with a systematic exploratory approach was chosen. The statistical population included two sections of human resources (professors, ...
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The purpose of this research was to design a match day revenue generation model in Iran's premier football league clubs with emphasis on the role of the media. Qualitative research with a systematic exploratory approach was chosen. The statistical population included two sections of human resources (professors, managers, specialists, etc.) and information sources (books, articles, documents, media, etc.). Sampling was done in a sufficient number and with a judgment method based on reaching theoretical saturation (16 people). Research tools included systematic library study and structured exploratory interviews. The validity of the tool was evaluated and confirmed based on the legal and scientific validity of the sample, expert opinion and agreement between the correctors. In order to analyze the findings, a multi-stage conceptual coding method with a systemic analysis approach was used. Based on the extracted conceptual framework, 5 main categories, which are actually the core codes, and 21 (open) conceptual codes were identified. These categories include education, pathology, information, ticket sales and advertising. In the selective coding, according to the results of the analysis of the conducted interviews and the study of the theoretical foundations in the field of the current research, it can be said that educational factors have an effect on information, pathology, ticket sales and advertising and information factors and advertising affects ticket sales.
Research Paper
AbdoalMajid DoorAndish; Seyd Mohamad Ali Mirhoseini; Ahmad Torkfar; Alireza Elahi
Abstract
The present research was carried out with the aim of designing a model of the role of the media in guerrilla marketing of sports products (goods and services) with a combined approach. In terms of practical purpose, the present research was a combination of sequential exploratory type and survey collection ...
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The present research was carried out with the aim of designing a model of the role of the media in guerrilla marketing of sports products (goods and services) with a combined approach. In terms of practical purpose, the present research was a combination of sequential exploratory type and survey collection method. The statistical population in the qualitative part included professors, researchers, producers and activists in the field of advertising (22 people) and in the quantitative part it included academic professors and production managers and sports stores (198 people). To collect information in the quantitative part of the researcher-made questionnaire taken from the qualitative part, it was divided into two parts: demographic characteristics and questions. This questionnaire contains 29 items and in the form of 8 main components in the form of five Likert options (completely agree, 5 points to completely disagree, 1 point). Structural equation method using Smart-PLS software was used to analyze the model. The results of the analysis of the interviews showed that 29 conceptual codes, 8 categories (core codes) of advertising, grounding, human resources, economic, nature, beauty, effects and benefits, including the roles of the media in guerrilla marketing of sports products. To be the results of the quantitative part also confirmed the results of the qualitative part.
Research Paper
Sport Advertising
Ghasem Zarei; seyedali naghavi
Abstract
The aim of the current research was to simulate the effect of integrated marketing communications on the attraction of sports tourists in Ardabil province. This study is done from the point of view of the goal of an exploratory research that is mixed with the research method and based on comparative-inductive ...
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The aim of the current research was to simulate the effect of integrated marketing communications on the attraction of sports tourists in Ardabil province. This study is done from the point of view of the goal of an exploratory research that is mixed with the research method and based on comparative-inductive reasoning. The statistical population of the research included 15 theoretical experts and experimental experts. Sampling was a non-probability and purposeful method, and the data collection tools were interviews and questionnaires. In the qualitative section, the main and subcategories of integrated marketing communication tools were identified using the theme analysis method. Then, in the quantitative part, the criteria obtained from the qualitative analysis of the research were prioritized using the fuzzy Delphi method. Finally, the effect of integrated marketing communication on the attraction of sports tourists was simulated using the factor-based modeling approach. The analysis of the research data was done in the qualitative phase with Maxqda20 software and in the quantitative phase with Excel and AnyLogic software. Based on the research results, 22 primary codes, 14 sub-themes and 5 main themes were counted. The results showed that among the tools of integrated marketing communication, the effectiveness of advertising is higher than other tools, and direct marketing, face-to-face sales, sales promotion and public relations are in the next ranks of influence. Also, the output of the simulation showed that the presented model can provide an appropriate estimate of the future of attracting sports tourists in Ardabil province.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Shirin Mohamadi; Hossein Eydi
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to design an interpretive structural model of strategies to reduce organizational numbness of physical education teachers with an emphasis on media. The current research is a mixed (qualitative and quantitative) type of research. In the first phase, a qualitative research ...
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The purpose of this research was to design an interpretive structural model of strategies to reduce organizational numbness of physical education teachers with an emphasis on media. The current research is a mixed (qualitative and quantitative) type of research. In the first phase, a qualitative research method was conducted using thematic analysis, and in the second phase, a quantitative method was conducted based on interpretive structural modeling. The statistical population in both qualitative and quantitative sections, due to the expert-centeredness of the interpretive structural modeling approach, formed experts who included prominent professors in the field of sports management specializing in the field of education, as well as elite sports teachers of the country.. Sampling method in the quantitative part, due to the expert-centeredness of the interpretive structural modeling approach, the experts were in the qualitative part (N=15). The measurement tool was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part and a questionnaire in the quantitative part. Validity and reliability of the data were confirmed. Two methods of theme analysis (Max QDI software) and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) (Excel software) were used for data analysis. 5 main themes of strategies to reduce organizational numbness of physical education teachers have been identified with an emphasis on the media. Education and communication channel are in the independent cluster, that is, it has a great influence on other factors and other factors have little influence on it. Awareness, follow-up and reporting are in the dependent cluster,
Research Paper
zeinab amraei; shahab bahrami; aboalfazl farahani; manouchehr tatari
Abstract
effect of social capital(communication networks) on the commercial performance of private sports facilities with a mediating role of service quality. The present study is descriptive-correlative in terms of applied purpose. The statistical population of the study was all coaches and graduates of sports ...
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effect of social capital(communication networks) on the commercial performance of private sports facilities with a mediating role of service quality. The present study is descriptive-correlative in terms of applied purpose. The statistical population of the study was all coaches and graduates of sports active in sports clubs in the western provinces of the country. The statistical sample was selected as a multi-stage cluster and simple random sampling. To collect data, the Social Capital Questionnaire (Alvani and Seyednaghi, 2001), Service Quality (Kamali, 2017) and the researcher-made business performance questionnaire were used and the face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts (13 people). Its reliability was also calculated using Cronbach's alpha test (0.95) and combined reliability. Structural equation modeling in PLS3-SPSS24 software has been used to analyze the data and check the model fit. The results showed that social capital and service quality have a significant effect on the commercial performance of sports venues. Social capital also has a significant effect on the quality of services. Finally, the effect of social capital on business performance was mediated by the quality of service. According to the results, it can be said that the higher the amount of social capital, the higher the quality of services and, consequently, the commercial performance of these places.
Research Paper
Amar Torabi; Shahram Alam; Mohammad Sajadian; Amir Nadri
Abstract
The present study was designed and conducted with the aim of identifying the performance indicators of physical education managers of the Armed Forces in terms of media literacy in sports. The present research method was mixed which was done qualitatively and quantitatively. The qualitative method used ...
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The present study was designed and conducted with the aim of identifying the performance indicators of physical education managers of the Armed Forces in terms of media literacy in sports. The present research method was mixed which was done qualitatively and quantitatively. The qualitative method used in the present study was theme analysis. The statistical population in the qualitative section included experts aware of the field of research who, after identifying these individuals as purposeful sampling; to reach theoretical saturation; Sampling was performed. Finally, 13 people were identified as samples in the quality section. The statistical sample in the quantitative part including the statistical population of this research consisted of all managers, trustees and physical training experts of the Armed Forces in 1400 with 2500 people. Data collection tools in the present study included a semi-structured interview in the qualitative section and a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative section. In order to analyze the research data in the qualitative section, theme analysis was used to codify the research interviews. Also, in a small part, the method of structural equations was used. After coding, 36 initial codes were extracted. The results showed that a total of 4 themes including individual, managerial, skill and organizational indicators were identified as performance indicators of physical education managers of the Armed Forces in terms of media literacy in sports. Paying attention to these indicators can lead to improving the performance of managers regarding media literacy in sports
Research Paper
Masoud Darabi; Seyed Mortrteza Azimzadeh; Mohammad Keshtidar; Houriyeh Dehghanpouri; Omid Asgari
Abstract
in this research, a look at some of the factors influencing the design of posters in sports events has been taken. In this research, a combination of interviews and questionnaires have been used to identify the factors influencing the innovative design of sports Olympiads posters; Therefore, the current ...
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in this research, a look at some of the factors influencing the design of posters in sports events has been taken. In this research, a combination of interviews and questionnaires have been used to identify the factors influencing the innovative design of sports Olympiads posters; Therefore, the current research was conducted using the Delphi-Fuzzy technique. First, using qualitative data obtained from exploratory studies, including the review of exploratory texts and semi-structured exploratory interviews, in which the interview questions were predetermined and similar questions were asked to all respondents. Validity and reliability in the qualitative part were confirmed using the CVR coefficient and the Kappa-Cohen test. Based on this, the factors affecting the innovative design of sports posters were determined, So, after extracting the factors, they were evaluated using field research. The statistical population of this research is a brand design, advertising, and marketing experts with master's and doctorate degrees, as well as senior managers and experts in student sports in the country, which according to the purpose of the research, sampling in this research is targeted. According to the targeted sampling method, the sample size includes 20 high and middle managers of sports organizations. The results of the de-fuzzified average difference of the experts' opinions in both stages were less than 0.1 and the experts reached a consensus regarding the factors affecting the innovative design of sports posters and identified and confirmed 71 factors.
Research Paper
Sports Media
keivan molanorozy; Azadeh seifi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise in cyberspace on participation motivation and body image of female high school students in Tehran. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and quasi-experimental in terms of data collection method. Also, the method of the ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise in cyberspace on participation motivation and body image of female high school students in Tehran. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and quasi-experimental in terms of data collection method. Also, the method of the present study was field data from the perspective of data collection. Cluster random sampling method was selected and in the next step by distributing a questionnaire, 60 people who received the lowest score from the body image questionnaire were randomly selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in a training program in cyberspace for 12 weeks (two sessions per week and each session for 1 hour). The research instruments included the Body Image Questionnaire of Cash et al (1987) and the questionnaire of motivation to participate in sports Hong (2010). Mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the data in descriptive statistics and In the inferential statistics section, statistical tests of covariance and version 22 of SPSS software were used. The results showed that exercise in cyberspace has a significant effect on participation motivation and body image of female high school students in Tehran (P ≥ 0.05). Accordingly, it is suggested that students be encouraged by parents and respected teachers to participate in cyberspace sports programs.
Research Paper
golnaz rezai; esfandyar khosravizadeh; سلیمانی solaimani
Abstract
the purpose of this research is modeling of effective factors on media flow in sports with grounded theory approach . the research method was qualitative and exploratory . the statistical population included media professionals with a history of university teaching or sports and media professionals , ...
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the purpose of this research is modeling of effective factors on media flow in sports with grounded theory approach . the research method was qualitative and exploratory . the statistical population included media professionals with a history of university teaching or sports and media professionals , experts of sports promotion and familiarity with it , experts and officials of sports , sports planners , policy makers and sports consultants . the field of study and having scientific writings related to the subject , having managerial positions and executive experiences in sports media were among the selection criteria of experts . the sampling method was non - probability sampling , with purposeful selection and with maximum diversity or heterogeneity . the sample size in this study was equal . the measurement tool was open and based on three stages of open , axial and selective coding were analyzed . according to data analysis , primary concept ( open coding ) , axial coding and selective coding of causal factors ( management factors , inter - organizational factors , environmental factors ) , background factors ( cultural factors , inter - organizational factors , organizational factors ) , factors of sports , development and stimulation of awareness of news in the field of sports , empowerment in media consumption in sports flow field were identified .h .
Research Paper
Mohsen Maadi; Ali Mohammad Safania; abolfazl farahani; Hamid Ghasemi; Ali Asghar Doroudian
Abstract
Having an integrated communication marketing model prevents the creation of additional costs, wrong attitudes, and aimless investments in areas that have no meaningful effect on their performance and beneficiaries. The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying and validating effective ...
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Having an integrated communication marketing model prevents the creation of additional costs, wrong attitudes, and aimless investments in areas that have no meaningful effect on their performance and beneficiaries. The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying and validating effective strategies on integrated marketing communications in physical education and sports in the Ministry of Education. The statistical population in the qualitative part included 16 experts of physical education and sports in the Ministry of Education in various departments of the deputy of physical education and health, public relations and experts of physical education of the ministry and professors of physical education faculties who have experience in teaching sports marketing in the field of physical education. Also, in the quantitative part of the statistical population, which consisted of 360 people, there are physical education teachers (whose education level was master's degree and above), sports management students in doctoral and master's degree and education experts. Qualitative part analysis was performed with Maxqda software version 2020, also quantitative part analysis (exploratory factor analysis and validation) was performed with SPSS software version 26 and AMOS structural equation model. The results showed that the strategies consist of 32 factors and four components of financing, promotion, training structure and identification of marketing methods. Also in the quantitative part the result of the exploratory factor analysis were confirmed and finally factor loads were higher than 0.4 which means that the quantitative model of the strategies had a good fit.
Research Paper
Seyed Rahman Farizani Gohari; Mohammad Pourranjbar; mina Hakak zade
Abstract
The purpose of this study was identified the components of public communications in promoting various insurance lines in the sports industry. The research method was mixed. Data collection were deep semi-structured interviews with experts and the questionnaires acquired from the qualitative data. The ...
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The purpose of this study was identified the components of public communications in promoting various insurance lines in the sports industry. The research method was mixed. Data collection were deep semi-structured interviews with experts and the questionnaires acquired from the qualitative data. The statistical population comprised 14 experts familiar with the insurance industry, as well as the sports industry. In the last four interviews, the data were theoretically saturated and the opinion of ten participants was regarded as the basis of the research. The sampling method was purposive sampling and coding was carried out through thematic analysis. To validate the model on the basis of the criterion extracted from the quantitative segment, in the quantitative segment, the opinion of 200 members of the insurance sales network and the sports executive boards including sports managers of the public and private sectors, gyms were studied. Repeated measures were employed to compare themes and sub-themes. The data of the quantitative segment were analyzed using SPSS 24 and Excel. The results showed 69 primary codes, 21 sub-themes, and 6 themes including personal and social culture, constructive marketing, supportive and facilitatory viewpoint, infrastructure development, communication improvement, and organizational structure alignment. According to the respondents, the most important theme was “infrastructure development”, and the most important sub-theme was “making clarification regarding the elements of sports”. Thus, for both industries to mutually utilize the available capacities, it is necessary to devote particular attention to the components of public communication and employ specialized individuals in this sector
Research Paper
Sina Falahati; Mina Hakakzadeh; Mohamad PorRanjbar
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to design a model of the media's role in the institutionalization of sports activities in Iran's leisure time with an interpretative structural modeling approach. The current research is qualitative. At first, by using theme analysis, basic, organizing and comprehensive ...
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The purpose of this research was to design a model of the media's role in the institutionalization of sports activities in Iran's leisure time with an interpretative structural modeling approach. The current research is qualitative. At first, by using theme analysis, basic, organizing and comprehensive themes were identified and then, an interpretive structural model was drawn. The present research community in two sections of thematic and structural interpretative analysis includes professors of sports management and sports media who have published researches in the field of leisure time sports and media (at least two researches) as well as managers and producers of sports media (sports network, sports radio and sports newspapers) that produced and edited programs in the field of leisure time. The measurement tool in the theme analysis section was a semi-structured interview and in the interpretive structural model section, it was a questionnaire.Two methods of theme analysis (Max QDI software) and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM)(Excel software) were used for data analysis.5 organizing themes and 28 basic themes have been identified for the role of the media in the institutionalization of sports activities in Iran's leisure time.The results showed that the subjects of culture-making" and "social" are highly dependent on other subjects and to be more precise, they are in the category of dependent variables. "Informative" and "educational"subjects also have a maximum guiding role and a weak dependence as independent variables. And the motivational content as a variable with minimal dependence and influence are in the category of autonomous factors.
Research Paper
Masood Solgi; Nazanini Rasekh; Kayvan Shabanimoghadam
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the entrepreneurial development of sports organizations using media capacities. The present study was one of the mixed (qualitative-quantitative) exploratory studies that was conducted in the field. The statistical population in the qualitative ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the entrepreneurial development of sports organizations using media capacities. The present study was one of the mixed (qualitative-quantitative) exploratory studies that was conducted in the field. The statistical population in the qualitative section included experts aware of the research topic. Also, the statistical population of the study in a small part included all sports entrepreneurs in Hamadan province. Data collection tools in the present study included a semi-structured interview and a researcher-made questionnaire. The face validity of this questionnaire was examined using the opinions of several experts. Also, the construct validity of this questionnaire was examined using factor analysis. Finally, the reliability of this questionnaire was performed using Cronbach's alpha calculation method (α = 0.85). The data analysis method of the present study was coding in the qualitative section and using the method of structural equations in the quantitative section. The whole process of data analysis was performed in SPSS and PLS software. The results of the qualitative section showed that a total of 24 sub-items were classified into 4 categories of educational, content, human and managerial factors. Paying attention to these factors can lead to the development of entrepreneurship in sports organizations.
Research Paper
soroosh farhadifar; nazanin rasekh; Hamid Ghasemi
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide an analysis of the status of doctoral dissertations in the field of sports management with an emphasis on problem solving approach and model presentation. In this research, in the first step in order to identify the indicators of the status model of doctoral dissertations ...
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The aim of this study was to provide an analysis of the status of doctoral dissertations in the field of sports management with an emphasis on problem solving approach and model presentation. In this research, in the first step in order to identify the indicators of the status model of doctoral dissertations in the field of sports management with emphasis on problem solving approach First by examining the existing landscape, rules and regulations Its implementation process in the field of sports management was examined. In the second step By formulating questions based on the objectives of the research, interviews were conducted with scientific and practical experts and experts in this field. The statistical population in the qualitative part of this research includes experts and experts in the field of sports and are measured by expertise indicators. Based on this, the views of 15 qualified experts have been used in this study and analyzed using Maxqda software. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the correlation relationships simultaneously. The results of estimating structural equations showed that causal conditions have a positive and significant effect on the main category. The main category has a positive and significant effect on strategies. Strategies have a positive and significant effect on outcomes. The intervening condition has a positive and significant effect on the consequences and finally the bed conditions have a positive and significant effect on the outcome.
Research Paper
ali sajedi sabegh; Seyed Emad Hosseini; Farshad Emami
Abstract
The increasing spread of betting on the Internet and the creation of individual and social problems are causing concern for people involved in this factor. Among these, one of the important aspects in the causes of people's tendency to online betting aspects seems to be the psychological needs of people. ...
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The increasing spread of betting on the Internet and the creation of individual and social problems are causing concern for people involved in this factor. Among these, one of the important aspects in the causes of people's tendency to online betting aspects seems to be the psychological needs of people. In the present study, the effect of psychological needs of individuals in the tendency to online betting has been investigated. In this research, which is applied in terms of type, correlation and purpose. Interview with open coding method in qualitative method and questionnaire in quantitative method were used. The statistical population was 12 elites, specialists and experts in the field of social sciences and sports who were snowballed by the method and in the quantitative method there were 367 people participating in betting, of which 188 were using formula tools. The Cochrane arrived. And was examined by random method. In this study, a researcher-made questionnaire (sports betting) was used for evaluations and content and face validity were confirmed by 12 elites, and its reliability was 0.83 using Cronbach's alpha test. SPSS software was used for data analysis. The results showed that due to the impact of environment and society with a correlation of 0.82 and psychological needs of the study, a correlation of 0.58 were among the most important causes of the disease.
Research Paper
Sport Communication
Mohsen Esfahani; Parivash Nourbakhsh; Syeed Namat Khalife; Hossein Abdulmalki
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of the current research was to investigate the causal relationship between satisfaction with the quality of virtual learning and the academic performance of graduate physical education students in the northwestern provinces of the country during the Corona era through engagement as a ...
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Abstract
The aim of the current research was to investigate the causal relationship between satisfaction with the quality of virtual learning and the academic performance of graduate physical education students in the northwestern provinces of the country during the Corona era through engagement as a mediator. This research was correlation type with structural equation modeling approach. The statistical population of graduate students of physical education in northwest universities of the country was formed (N=283) and the sample size was 163 selected according to Morgan's table by stratified sampling. Three Questionnaires were used to investigate the research variables. The validity of the research questionnaires was done first by using the opinion of experts to check the content validity. Then reliability was evaluated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Finally, the construct validity was evaluated based on model fit indices in PLS modeling software. Based on path analysis, it was found that satisfaction with the quality of virtual learning has a causal relationship with academic performance. The results showed that the variable of satisfaction with quality of virtual learning through the mediation of engagement has a significant relationship with perceived academic performance and mediation relationship was confirmed. It can be concluded that in order to be satisfied with the quality of virtual learning and also to increase the academic performance of graduate students of physical education, professors should use educational planning and new virtual methods for teaching,while the engagement of students in learning and being active in virtual classes will be facilitate and helpful.
Research Paper
Sport Communication
Mehri Sadat Nazari; Majid Soleimani; GholamReza Khaksar
Abstract
The present study was designed and implemented with the aim of determining the effect of entertainment in organizational leisure programs on the productivity of virtual activities of the employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth with the role of mediator of mental health. The current research was ...
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The present study was designed and implemented with the aim of determining the effect of entertainment in organizational leisure programs on the productivity of virtual activities of the employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth with the role of mediator of mental health. The current research was descriptive-survey in terms of its practical purpose, in terms of the method of data collection, which was mixed based on the research approach. The statistical population of the present research in the qualitative part included experts in the field of sports management who had the necessary experience and knowledge regarding the subject of the research. In the quantitative part of the statistical community, there were 965 employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth in 1400. In order to estimate and select the statistical sample size, the number of 275 people was determined from the table of Karjesi and Morgan (1970). The random sampling method was simple. In order to examine the data of the qualitative part, open and axial coding was used, and in the quantitative part, the method of structural equation modeling was used. The results of the structural equation analysis showed that entertainment in organizational leisure programs had a 53% effect on employee productivity of virtual activities and 44% on mental health. Mental health had a 40% impact on employee productivity of virtual activities. Also, Farah Bakshi has had a 71% effect on employee productivity of virtual activities in organizational leisure programs, with the role of mental health mediator.
Research Paper
Sports Media
meysam noori khanyourdi; Tahereh Gholami; samira akbari
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to identify the challenges faced in publishing sports books in Iran. This research is considered as applied studies in terms of purpose, which is descriptive in terms of data collection and exploratory in terms of data certainty. The research method is mixed (qualitative-quantitative). ...
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The purpose of this research was to identify the challenges faced in publishing sports books in Iran. This research is considered as applied studies in terms of purpose, which is descriptive in terms of data collection and exploratory in terms of data certainty. The research method is mixed (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative part was the members of the academic staff in the field of sports science, and in the quantitative part, it included professors, researchers and authors who had experience in publishing sports books. The sampling method was purposeful. In the first stage of the research, 22 people from the statistical community were interviewed through the purposeful sampling method, and the challenges of publishing sports books were identified. In the second and third stages, the identified factors were examined by the Delphi group (21 people); In these two stages, the factors that had at least %70 positive answers remained for the next stage. In the final stage, the factors identified in the previous three stages were ranked using a five-point Likert questionnaire. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 professors of sports science department. Friedman's test was used to rank factors in SPSS software Based on the findings of this research, the most important challenges of book publishing in Iran are in two general categories: internal (professional) and external (cultural, social, political, economic).
Research Paper
Sports Media
abdolreza savar; Farshad Emami; Seyyed Jafar Moosavi
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to present the national identity model of sports heroes based on the evolution of digital media. The research method was mixed exploratory and was carried out in two parts, quantitative and qualitative. In the qualitative section, the main and sub-themes were identified ...
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The purpose of this research was to present the national identity model of sports heroes based on the evolution of digital media. The research method was mixed exploratory and was carried out in two parts, quantitative and qualitative. In the qualitative section, the main and sub-themes were identified through thematic analysis, and in the quantitative section, the fit of the model was investigated using SPSS and SmartPLS software through confirmatory factor analysis. University managers and professors familiar with the field of national identity of the statistical community formed the qualitative part of the research, and 13 of them, who were selected by the snowball method, were interviewed. In the quantitative part, the statistical population was all athletes, 140 of whom were selected as available samples and answered the questions of the questionnaire extracted from the interviews. The results of the analysis of the interviews showed a total of 32 items in 5 religious, political, cultural, historical and social dimensions as components of the athletes' national identity. In the quantitative part, the results showed that the research model has a good fit. As a conclusion, it can be said that the athletes of our country should pay attention to the dimensions of national identity and take steps in line with the development and strengthening of national identity.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Hamideh Abdolzadeh; Gholamreza Amani Shelemzari; Ayob Ameri
Abstract
The present research was designed with the aim of investigating the effect of psychological ownership, mental transsocial relationships and aspirational identity on followers' adherence to virtual influencers in sports (case example: young customers of a domestic sports brand). The case study in ...
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The present research was designed with the aim of investigating the effect of psychological ownership, mental transsocial relationships and aspirational identity on followers' adherence to virtual influencers in sports (case example: young customers of a domestic sports brand). The case study in the current research was the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The current research is a descriptive research which, from the point of view of the objective, is one of the applied researches that was carried out in the field. The current research method is a survey in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this research included all customers under 35 years of age of a domestic sports brand, unfortunately, the exact number of these people was not available. According to Cochran's formula of sample size in the condition of uncertain population size; a total of 384 people were identified as the research sample. Available sampling method was used to select research samples. Structural equation method was used to examine the data of this research. The results of this research showed that aspirational identity (effect=0.578; t=3.797) and extrasocial relationships (effect=0.578; t=3.797) have a significant effect on psychological ownership. The results also showed that aspirational identity (effect=0.578; t=3.797) and extrasocial relationships (effect=0.578; t=3.797) have a significant effect on followers' adherence to virtual influencers in sports. Also, the results showed that psychological ownership (effect=0.578; t=3.797) has a significant effect on followers' adherence to virtual influencers in sports.
Research Paper
Sport International Relations
Azim Salahi Kojour; Morteza Dousti
Abstract
Sports diplomacy is an approach that politicians and statesmen of the world use people and sports events to create a favorable image of their country among foreign organizations and governments. The present research was conducted with the aim of formulating strategies for the development of sports diplomacy ...
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Sports diplomacy is an approach that politicians and statesmen of the world use people and sports events to create a favorable image of their country among foreign organizations and governments. The present research was conducted with the aim of formulating strategies for the development of sports diplomacy based on global experience. The current research was based on the purpose of applied research and was exploratory in terms of data collection. The data collection tool was a semi-structured in-depth interview. The statistical population included experts in the field of macrospores management, strategic management, diplomacy, international relations, and sports sociology at the level of deputy ministers, presidents of the federation, advisers to the minister, and university professors, and a targeted sampling method was used to select experts. The final model of the total of Causal conditions (2 categories and 13 concepts), the necessary contexts and contexts (3 categories and 13 concepts), interventionist variables (3 categories and 13 concepts), strategies (3 categories and 11 concepts), and consequences (3 categories and 10 concepts) were formed. Therefore, for the development of sports diplomacy in the country, it is better that statesmen and politicians seek to create a favorable image of their country among foreign organizations and governments by using people and sports events.
Research Paper
merebrahim hoseini; Fatemeh Abdavi; seyed amin dehghan banadaki
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of media in promoting sports diplomacy in Iran. The method of the present study is a qualitative approach to the data method that was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection in the field. The statistical population of the present ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of media in promoting sports diplomacy in Iran. The method of the present study is a qualitative approach to the data method that was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection in the field. The statistical population of the present study included faculty members in the field of sports management, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, Strategic Management and Decision Making, and senior managers of sports federations, editors and journalists who had extensive international and managerial experience in sports diplomacy, 25 of whom They were selected by snowball sampling. The research tool was a semi-structured interview that continued until the stage of theoretical saturation. Acceptability, transferability and verification methods were used for validity and reliability of the research. The method of data collection is library resources, field observation, audio media and semi-structured interviews with 25 elites aware of the subject matter. The validity of this study was reviewed and confirmed by experts and the reliability of the study was 89%. Data analysis was performed in three stages of open, axial and selective coding. Based on the identified open codes, pivotal codes were formed and a theoretical model was developed with the help of selective coding, then the paradigm model was approved by experts and the codes, concepts and categories identified in future planning in promoting sports diplomacy. ; Therefore, the media played an important role in promoting the country's sports diplomacy and improved the international arena
Research Paper
Sports Media
Nasrin Azizian kohan; پرهام Raji
Abstract
The general aim of the research was to investigate the effect of membership in sports virtual networks on the motivation of youth sports participation through the mediation of sports acculturation. The research was descriptive and based on structural equation modeling, and in terms of its purpose, it ...
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The general aim of the research was to investigate the effect of membership in sports virtual networks on the motivation of youth sports participation through the mediation of sports acculturation. The research was descriptive and based on structural equation modeling, and in terms of its purpose, it is considered part of applied research. The data of this research was collected in the field and using a questionnaire. Statistically, all young people were members of virtual sports networks in Tehran. The statistical sample number was 384 people using Morgan's table and non-random sampling method. Structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach was used to test the model and research hypotheses. SPSS software and Smart Pls software were also used for data analysis. The results showed that membership in virtual sports networks has a positive effect on the motivation of young people to participate in sports (0.438) and cultural acceptance of sports in the youth of Tehran (0.671), as well as cultural acceptance of sports on the motivation to participate in sports activities of young people. Tehran city (0.876) has a positive and significant effect. According to the results of the Sobel test, the mediating role of sports acculturation was also confirmed. Therefore, it is suggested that the sports organizations and guardians of Tehran encourage the youth in sports by expanding and using virtual sports networks and increasing the culture of sports.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Sajedeh Sadat Mortazavi; Ghodratoalahe Bagheri Ragheb; Ebrahi Alidost Ghahfarokhi; Ali Saberi
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to design the gross national happiness model based on sports events through virtual pages. The research method is qualitative and with a thematic approach. The statistical population included two sections of human resources (professors) and information sources related ...
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The purpose of this research is to design the gross national happiness model based on sports events through virtual pages. The research method is qualitative and with a thematic approach. The statistical population included two sections of human resources (professors) and information sources related to the research topic. The human sample included sports management professors specializing in sports events, media and also in the field of happiness. The criteria for selecting these people was to have research experience in these fields (at least two published studies). The sources of information included the comments of the followers of the personal pages of Iranian national athletes. Athletes who had a history of participating in world arenas (World Cup, Olympics and Asian Games) and were able to bring honors to Iran. The number of professors participating in the research was 15 (the criteria for completing the interviews was theoretical saturation) and the number of analyzed pages on Instagram was 22. Sampling was done in a targeted manner in the human resources and information resources department. The results of the coding showed that there are three main codes related to sports (sports performance, competition results and legionaries of athletes), related to behavior (observance of morals and behavior with fans) and symbols and appearances (religious elements, anthem and flag of Iran, movements Symbolism and covering of players) is one of the main components effective in creating gross national happiness based on sports events through virtual pages.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Amirmohamad Soltanpour; Mohammad Reza Esmaeilzadeh Ghandehari; Hasan Fahim Devin
Abstract
The aim of the current research was to model the effective factors on the implementation of artificial intelligence in Iranian sports press. this is an applied research in a qualitative type and inductive approach, which was carried out in an exploratory and analytical way. The statistical population ...
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The aim of the current research was to model the effective factors on the implementation of artificial intelligence in Iranian sports press. this is an applied research in a qualitative type and inductive approach, which was carried out in an exploratory and analytical way. The statistical population of the research included active people in the field of sports press, artificial intelligence, sports management professors, sports journalists. In this research, data saturation was reached in the 14th interview and continued until the 16th interview. Foundation data theory , Straus Corbin's approach were used for data analysis. The findings showed that a total of 50 items play a role as effective factors in the implementation of artificial intelligence in Iran's sports press, which are divided into 12 components. Among the 12 components, 3 components of infrastructure, investment and related to the audience as causal conditions, 5 components of education, media richness, human power, technology and knowledge and special advantages as background conditions and 4 components of cooperation and assistance. Culture, environmental factors and managers as intervening conditions are effective factors on the implementation of artificial intelligence in Iranian sports press. Also, the findings showed that 8 strategies for the implementation of artificial intelligence in the sports press can be presented according to the causal, contextual and intervening conditions, which can have 14 consequences. In a general conclusion, it should be stated that artificial intelligence provides tools for coding tasks and routines in algorithms and creates outputs similar to those produced by humans.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Sholeh Ostad Hassan Bana; Majid Soleimani; Adel Afkar
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to design a model of obstacles and cultural and social consequences of news coverage of women's sports in international competitions. The research method is qualitative and with thematic analysis approach. The statistical population of the research included university ...
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The purpose of this research is to design a model of obstacles and cultural and social consequences of news coverage of women's sports in international competitions. The research method is qualitative and with thematic analysis approach. The statistical population of the research included university professors, sports news presenters, sports news production managers and female athletes with a history of participating in international arenas. The statistical sample was estimated and sampled based on reaching theoretical saturation (16 people). The research tools included systematic library study and structured exploratory interviews. The reliability and validity of the tool was checked and confirmed. The data obtained from the theme analysis method and the formation of the theme network show that programming obstacles, hijab, and human resources are among the cultural and social obstacles of news coverage of women's sports in overseas competitions. On the other hand, the consequences of news coverage can be He pointed out the sports and motivational consequences. In general, media news coverage is one of the media strategies for the quantitative and qualitative development of the country's sports through increasing the motivation of women and also improving their perception in the field of gender discrimination.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Yaser Javidi; Layla Sadat Jamshidiyan; Ahmad Torkfar; Sayed Mohamad Ali Mirhoseini
Abstract
The present study was designed and implemented with the aim of ranking media and non-media information and promotion sources that influence the process of benefactors' participation in school sports. The current research is a descriptive-survey type with an applied purpose, which was conducted in ...
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The present study was designed and implemented with the aim of ranking media and non-media information and promotion sources that influence the process of benefactors' participation in school sports. The current research is a descriptive-survey type with an applied purpose, which was conducted in the field. The statistical population of the present study included all active benefactors in the field of sports in Iranian schools, who were identified as the research sample based on the selection of the entire number of these people. Finally, after distributing and collecting the research questionnaires; 124 questionnaires were analyzed. The instrument of the current research was a questionnaire taken from the research of Mossadegh Rad and Ehteshami (2018). The validity of this questionnaire was reported as 0.86 due to the opinion of the professors and the reliability of this questionnaire. TOPSIS method was used to analyze the research data. All research data analysis process was done in Topsis Slover software. According to the results of the present research, it was determined that social networks with a proximity coefficient of 0.826 and individual observations with a proximity coefficient of 0.737 are the most important media and non-media information and promotion sources in the process of benefactors' participation in school sports. With this attention, in order to attract donors to the activities related to school sports, it is necessary to pay attention to media and non-media information and promotion authorities in the field of social networks and individual observations.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Vahid Makizadeh; hossein mansoori; Foujan amiri; ali tizroo
Abstract
The aim of the study is to explain the effect model of social media information on the travel intention of marine sports tourists to Qeshm Island. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of method. The statistical population of the research was the marine sports ...
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The aim of the study is to explain the effect model of social media information on the travel intention of marine sports tourists to Qeshm Island. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of method. The statistical population of the research was the marine sports tourists of Qeshm Island in the second half of 1401, and 300 people were selected as a sample using convenience sampling method. Measurement tool was information attitude of electronic word of mouth questionnaire (Mehood., Liang & Gu, 2018), information needs (Cho and Kim, 2011), social presence (Kim et al., 2019), information usefulness of electronic word of mouth (Li., Hu., Hang, 2023), information acceptance of electronic word of mouth (Khwaja., Mahmood & Zaman, 2020) and travel intention (Mehood., Liang & Gu, 2018) that validity was confirmed through content validity and convergent validity, as well as their reliability through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Confirmatory factor analysis and examination of effects and relationships were analyzed at the error level of 5% using SPSS and AMOS software. The findings showed that the information needs and attitude towards the information of electronic verbal recommendations have a positive and significant effect on the perceived usefulness of the information. Also, the perceived usefulness of information has a positive and significant effect on the acceptance of information, and the acceptance of information also has a positive and significant effect on the travel intention of sports tourists.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Ghorban Yaghobi; kazem Cheraghbirjandi
Abstract
Abstract: The purpose of this research was the effect of self-expression on social capital in social media: the mediating effect of avoidant attachment in sports context. The research method is descriptive and was conducted in the field. The statistical population of the research included all customers ...
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Abstract: The purpose of this research was the effect of self-expression on social capital in social media: the mediating effect of avoidant attachment in sports context. The research method is descriptive and was conducted in the field. The statistical population of the research included all customers of sports media in Iran. Sampling was from the unlimited population of 384 people. The sampling method was done in a multi-stage cluster. The research tools included Chang and Koo (2012) and Park and Chang (2011) self-expression questionnaire, Ellison et al.'s (2007) and Press (2016) social capital questionnaire and Marshall et al.'s (2013) avoidant attachment questionnaire were used. To ensure the validity of the questionnaires, after compiling them, the opinions and guidance of expert professors in the science of sports management were used and their opinions were included in the final questionnaire. To ensure the reliability of the questionnaires, 30 copies of it were distributed in a preliminary study on a sample that was completely randomly selected, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for self-expression (α=0.78), social capital (α=0.87) and for attachment Avoidance (α=0.80) was obtained. The results of the research showed that self-expression has an effect on social capital in sports media and avoidant attachment, and avoidant attachment plays a mediating role in the relationship between self-expression and social capital. Therefore, it is suggested that virtual sports media provide conditions where the audience can easily express themselves and enjoy the content of the media.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Maniya Khoshkam; Mohamad Reza Keramati; Seyed Mahmod Hashemi; Mojtaba Moazemi; Esfandiyar Doshman Zeyary
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to design an interpretative structural model of collaborative learning management strategies in the context of virtual education in physical education colleges. The current research is of mixed type (qualitative and quantitative). In the first stage, a qualitative research ...
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The purpose of this research was to design an interpretative structural model of collaborative learning management strategies in the context of virtual education in physical education colleges. The current research is of mixed type (qualitative and quantitative). In the first stage, a qualitative research method was performed using thematic analysis, and in the second stage, a quantitative method based on interpretive structural modeling was performed. In both qualitative and quantitative sections, due to the expert-centeredness of the interpretive structural modeling approach, the statistical community formed experts, including experts familiar with the subject of the research (professors and experts in the field of teaching-learning (preferably cooperative learning) and teachers of physical education schools). Who had doctoral education and these people were purposefully selected for qualitative interviews in the research topic (18 interviews with 18 people and continued until theoretical saturation). The measurement tool in the qualitative part was a semi-structured interview and in the quantitative part, a questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the data were confirmed. Two methods of theme analysis (Max QDI software) and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) (Excel software) were used to analyze the data. 6 The main theme of learning management strategies Participation has been identified in the context of virtual education in physical education colleges. Infrastructure and equipment, management and evaluation are in the independent cluster, that is, it has a large effect on other factors and other factors have a small effect on it, education, educational program and curriculum content.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Mahdi Ebrahimby Salami; Saeid Sedaghati; Mohammad Hasan Ferdowsi; Vali Nowzari
Abstract
The current research was designed and implemented with the aim of designing a model of the role of self-management skills on media inertia in sports organizations with a mixed approach.The current research was mixed in terms of practical purpose, in terms of descriptive-survey data collection method ...
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The current research was designed and implemented with the aim of designing a model of the role of self-management skills on media inertia in sports organizations with a mixed approach.The current research was mixed in terms of practical purpose, in terms of descriptive-survey data collection method and based on the research approach. The statistical population of the present research in the qualitative part includes academic professors familiar with organizational and media inertia (conducting at least two researches in this field) as well as elected managers of sports organizations and public relations managers of sports organizations with more than 5 years of management experience. Had masters and doctoral studies. Purposive sampling method was used to select the interviewees. This sampling continued until theoretical saturation was reached and finally 14 people were selected as a sample.Also, the statistical population of the research was made up of managers and employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth in the number of 830 people, and the statistical sample was considered to be 265 people based on Morgan's table and available.The tools used in this research were interviews, questionnaires extracted from interviews and standard questionnaires.In order to examine the data of the qualitative part, open, axial and selective coding was used, and in the quantitative part, the method of structural equation modeling was used. The results of the present study showed that with the increase of self-management skills, media inertia in sports organizations decreases and this relationship is significant (T-value: 21.97 and more than 1.96).
Research Paper
Sports Media
Hamid Mohseni Sarbandi; Akbar Afarinesh Khaki; Taybeh Zargar; Mahsomeh Shahbazi; Shiva Azadfada
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to provide online mentoring programs in the vice-chancellor of physical education and health of education. The research method is qualitative and with a thematic approach. The statistical population included two parts of human resources (professors, teachers, managers, ...
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The purpose of this research is to provide online mentoring programs in the vice-chancellor of physical education and health of education. The research method is qualitative and with a thematic approach. The statistical population included two parts of human resources (professors, teachers, managers, etc.) and information sources (books, articles, documents, media, etc.). Sampling was done in a sufficient number and with a judgment method based on reaching theoretical saturation (19 people). Research tools included systematic library study and structured exploratory interviews. The validity of the tool was evaluated and confirmed based on the legal and scientific validity of the sample, expert opinion and agreement between the correctors. In order to analyze the findings, a multi-stage conceptual coding method with a systemic analysis approach was used. Based on the extracted conceptual framework, there are three core codes for developing media strategies for the implementation of mentoring programs in the Vice-Chancellor of Physical Education and Health Education. The central code of media strategies before the implementation of mentoring programs, which has the categories of communication, planning, preparation and human resources. The core code of media strategies during the implementation of mentoring programs, which has the categories of information, networking and communication channels, and the core code of media strategies after the implementation of mentoring programs, which includes evaluation and programs It is a media.
Research Paper
Sport Communication
Mandana Ostad; Taybeh Sadat Zargar
Abstract
Electronic sports players need communication skills in order to deal with stress and coping strategies and improve their mental toughness. Therefore, the upcoming research aims at the role of stress and coping strategies in electronic sports players. It was done on mental toughness with the mediating ...
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Electronic sports players need communication skills in order to deal with stress and coping strategies and improve their mental toughness. Therefore, the upcoming research aims at the role of stress and coping strategies in electronic sports players. It was done on mental toughness with the mediating role of communication skills. The current research is descriptive of the correlation type and based on structural equation modeling, and in terms of its purpose, it was part of applied research. The statistical population includes all Iranian e-sports players in FIFA, football and dota fields who have more than 4 years of experience. The estimated number of these people is 1000 people, which according to Morgan's table, 278 people were considered. The sampling method was considered random. The measurement tools included the questionnaires of perceived stress by Cohen et al. (1983), coping skills by Smith et al. (1995), mental toughness by Clough et al. (1982), and communication skills by Barton (1990). In order to analyze the collected data, descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used. In the descriptive statistics section, frequency and relative frequency of the demographic characteristics of research participants, mean and standard deviation were used. The results showed that stress and coping strategies have a positive and significant effect on communication skills and mental toughness, as well as communication skills on mental toughness.
Research Paper
Sport Advertising
Arman Parzivand; Akbar Jaberi; Koorosh Ghahreman Tabrizi
Abstract
The aim of the current research was to investigate the partial role of social network marketing on the attitude towards the consumption of Iranian sports goods with the mediating role of customer response. The research was a survey and a practical study that was conducted in the field. The research population ...
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The aim of the current research was to investigate the partial role of social network marketing on the attitude towards the consumption of Iranian sports goods with the mediating role of customer response. The research was a survey and a practical study that was conducted in the field. The research population included customers of sporting goods in Kerman. 385 customers were selected through purposive sampling based on the SEM formula for estimating sample size. The data collection tool was designed based on adopting three questionnaires, which included Kim & Ko (2012) social network marketing questionnaire (2014), Iranian product consumption attitude questionnaire of Bahmani (2013), and Golshani's customer response questionnaire (2017). The stuctrual, face, and content validity were used for confirming the tools’ validity; and the reliability of the tools was measured using Cronbach's alpha. To test the hypotheses, structural equation modeling method was used using SPSS and LISREL8.8 software. The results of the research showed that social network marketing had a positive and significant effect on the customer's response and attitude towards the consumption of Iranian sports goods, and the customer's response also had an impact on the attitude towards the consumption of Iranian sports goods. Moreover, the results of the research indicated that social network marketing had a positive and significant effect on the attitude towards the consumption of Iranian sports goods, both directly and indirectly via the mediating role of customer response. The fitness indices also demonstrated the validity and good fitness of the research model.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Seyed Ehsan AmirHoseni; GholamAli Lotfi; Sareh Asadoallhi
Abstract
The current research was designed and implemented with the aim of presenting a knowledge ecosystem development model in Iranian school sports with an emphasis on new technologies. The current research method was of a mixed type, which was implemented in two qualitative and quantitative phases. The statistical ...
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The current research was designed and implemented with the aim of presenting a knowledge ecosystem development model in Iranian school sports with an emphasis on new technologies. The current research method was of a mixed type, which was implemented in two qualitative and quantitative phases. The statistical population of the qualitative part includes elites and experts in the field of sports in schools and knowledge management and in the quantitative part; He was the vice president, heads and experts of the Ministry of Physical Education and Health of Education in all the provinces of the country. The tools of this research included questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. In order to examine the research data, in the qualitative part, coding according to Glaser's approach was used, and in the quantitative part, the method of structural equations was used. All data analysis process of this research was done in SPSS version 20 and Smart PLS version 3 software. The results of this research showed that in order to develop the knowledge ecosystem in sports in Iranian schools with emphasis on new technologies, factors including technological evolution, the nature of knowledge, cultural experiences, technical background, legal and legal conditions, facilitating access, knowledge validity, sector interactions should be considered. And the creation of knowledge paid attention. Paying attention to identification factors can create basic knowledge, technical platform and support the development of knowledge ecosystem; To have conditions to improve the condition of school sports in this regard
Research Paper
Sports Media
mohammad Javad Rostamzadeh; vahid saatchian; Mohammad Hosein Ghorbani; Ahmad Mahmoudi
Abstract
The present research seeks to measure the legal aspects of media literacy of coaches, managers and athletes. In terms of the purpose of this research, it was applied research and in terms of research strategy, it was a survey research with a structural equation model approach that was implemented in ...
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The present research seeks to measure the legal aspects of media literacy of coaches, managers and athletes. In terms of the purpose of this research, it was applied research and in terms of research strategy, it was a survey research with a structural equation model approach that was implemented in the field. The statistical population of this study included all coaches, managers and athletes in the city of Mashhad, which was calculated based on the initial estimate of 700 people. In this research, proportional stratified sampling method was used; Therefore, 70 people were considered for each group of coaches, managers and athletes (N=210). In the data analysis, descriptive statistics were used to classify the data, and in testing the research questions, confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis models were used in Lisrel and SPSS software. In the descriptive analysis of the data, the results were presented in the form of frequency tables and standard percentages, and all statistical activities were performed using the inferential statistical methods of the Bartlett and Keyser-Meier tests and structural equations. The findings of the research showed that the legal aspects of media literacy of coaches, managers and athletes include goal-based, content-based, educational material-based, civic aspects, evaluation-based, time-based, place-based, and accuracy-based dimensions. It is correct. Also, the results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model of legal aspects of media literacy has sufficient fit.
Research Paper
Sports Media
mohsn barjas; habib mohammadpour; hamid janani; Jafar bargi Moghadam
Abstract
The current research was conducted with the aim of Presenting value co-creation model in volleyball sports events in the context of social media. This research is applied in terms of purpose and, it's a qualitative research, in terms of approach, that was done with thematic analysis method. Participants ...
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The current research was conducted with the aim of Presenting value co-creation model in volleyball sports events in the context of social media. This research is applied in terms of purpose and, it's a qualitative research, in terms of approach, that was done with thematic analysis method. Participants in the research included experts related to field of research (expert professors of sports management and senior managers of sports in volleyball) who were selected non-probably using a combination of judgment and chain methods in the number of 12 people. Data collection was done with semi-structured interviews until theoretical saturation. The reliability of the data was evaluated through retest method agreement between two coders and its validity with the approval of experts. According to findings from interviews analysis with thematic analysis method and MAXQDA20 software, the main themes are factors related to league clubs (including 6 sub-components of managers' support, information technology infrastructure, communication networks, identification, media advertising and event's content production), factors related to social media (including 7 sub-components of development, production content, entertaining virtual pages, information, competitions reflection, talents' investigation and audience attraction), factors related to fans (including 5 sub-components of motivation, participation, attraction and retention program, loyalty and support) and environmental factors (including 2 sub-components of culture building and institutional support). This research provides results to facilitate the value co-creation in the digital era in sports marketing and increases the knowledge of sports managers in passing from traditional marketing of value delivery to value creation in sports business.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Tayebeh Nazemian Ardekani; NematAllahe Nemati; Tahereh Bagherpor
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to Presenting the entrepreneurial development model of sports businesses with a start-up approach. The research method is qualitative and with thematic analysis approach. The statistical population of the research includes faculty members of entrepreneurial management ...
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The purpose of this research is to Presenting the entrepreneurial development model of sports businesses with a start-up approach. The research method is qualitative and with thematic analysis approach. The statistical population of the research includes faculty members of entrepreneurial management faculties of universities across the country, faculty members of physical education and sports sciences faculties with entrepreneurship and business management expertise, members and special and selected lecturers of the employment and entrepreneurship working group of the Ministry of Sports and Youth of the Islamic Republic of Iran, selected sports entrepreneurs of the country and He was responsible for Iran's sports start-ups. The statistical sample was estimated and sampled based on reaching theoretical saturation (35 people). The research tools included systematic library study and structured exploratory interviews. The validity of the tool was evaluated and confirmed based on the legal and scientific validity of the sample, expert opinion and agreement between the correctors. The data obtained from the theme analysis method and the formation of the theme network show that In order to influence start-ups in the field of sports businesses, the driving factors include the capabilities of managers, the performance of support organizations and the inherent characteristics of start-ups, as well as the inhibiting factors including limitations. There are technology, human obstacles and financial tensions.
Research Paper
Sports Media
ali karimi; Worya Karimi; ali ahmadi; hematallah bastami; ali sadeghi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compile a model of the relationship between technological drivers and organizational indifference, as a manifestation of immorality in the General Department Sports and Youth of Kermanshah province. The research method was descriptive-correlation, and applied in terms ...
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The purpose of this study was to compile a model of the relationship between technological drivers and organizational indifference, as a manifestation of immorality in the General Department Sports and Youth of Kermanshah province. The research method was descriptive-correlation, and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the research included 320 managers and employees of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth of Kermanshah Province, and 175 people were selected as a statistical sample using a simple random method and based on Cochran's formula. The research tool was the use of two standard questionnaires: information and communication technology, and organizational indifference questionnaire. In this research, PLS statistical software, structural equation model and confirmatory factor analysis method were used analyze the data. The results of structural equation path analysis showed that the relationship model of technological drivers organizational indifference as a manifestation of immorality in the General Department of Sports and Youth of Kermanshah province has a good fit, so that technological drivers have a positive effect on organizational indifference. It has had a significant impact with an impact factor of 0.56 and critical value of 8.62, and technological drivers have become the basis for the improvement of organizational indifference, as well as desire and enthusiasm in the organization. Based on the results of the present research, new technologies can be an important management tool planning, organizing, directing and controlling in order properly implement laws and regulations, in order to improve ethics and reduce misbehavior caused by organizational indifference.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Nafiseh Naghibi; Mohamadreza Esmaeilzadeh Ghandhari; Hassan Fahimdevin; Hossein Peymanizad
Abstract
The current research was carried out with the aim of identifying the effective factors in the production of digital content in the sports industry. The research method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population of this research is based on the purposeful and snowball sampling method, ...
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The current research was carried out with the aim of identifying the effective factors in the production of digital content in the sports industry. The research method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population of this research is based on the purposeful and snowball sampling method, in order to identify the effective components on the production of digital content in the sports industry, from experts and experts in the fields of media and digital marketing, radio and television experts, presenters and journalists of sports and newspapers. Sports writers were invited to conduct in-depth interviews and extract open, central and theoretical codes, of which the researchers were able to interview 28 experts in this field until reaching theoretical saturation. In order to analyze the data of this research, coding was used in the qualitative part and interpretive structural modeling was used in the quantitative part. The results of the analysis of the conducted interviews showed that 66 codes were extracted, and these codes were divided into 12 categories, including cultural-management issues, human resources, content strength, content suitability, content volume, advertising effectiveness, stunning design, subject content quality. Content, coordination, skill of production factors and luxury were categorized. Paying attention to the identified factors can provide a technical and non-technical basis for the production of digital content in the sports industry.
Research Paper
Sport Communication
SARA SERAJ; mehdi sabzevari
Abstract
E-sport including online and offline sport activities and classes have been developed increasingly in the last decade. Several researches have been done in his area to analyze and improve sport training and education via distance learning by different applications. One of the main reasons for this rapid ...
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E-sport including online and offline sport activities and classes have been developed increasingly in the last decade. Several researches have been done in his area to analyze and improve sport training and education via distance learning by different applications. One of the main reasons for this rapid growth is due to COVID period which restricted most normal activities to online ones. E-sport could be studied in two categories: one is computer sport games and the other is teaching and training sport by camera and applications. This research is about the second category or distance sport. E-sport has been studied from different aspects in the recent years including, cultural, economic, social and political dimensions. This research will apply findings of a cognitive theory namely Conceptual Integration Network(CIN) to the analysis of E-sport to find out about the possible efficiency of cognitive awareness for E-sport coaches and managers. There are some basic relations suggested in CIN by which an analysis of different aspects of distance sport can be implemented. After data collections from the respondents who are trainers in distance sport training in Tehran, an analysis was made correspondent to CIN inputs and output and also based on the vital relations in distance sport. The main question of this interdisciplinary research is that if CIN analysis can be applicable to the improvement of E-sport cognitive knowledge and education.
Research Paper
Sport Communication
shafagh Abolghasemi Atany; Maysam Rahimizadeh; Amir Hossein Monazami
Abstract
ABSTRACTIn the dynamic and competitive world of the sports industry in Iran, electronic commerce has emerged as a prominent and novel tool for the transformation and improvement of marketing processes with artificial intelligence. Accordingly, this research delves into the role of these innovative patterns ...
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ABSTRACTIn the dynamic and competitive world of the sports industry in Iran, electronic commerce has emerged as a prominent and novel tool for the transformation and improvement of marketing processes with artificial intelligence. Accordingly, this research delves into the role of these innovative patterns in the development of the sports industry in Iran and the creation of new opportunities for businesses in this field.This study is application-oriented and employs a qualitative approach with content analysis. Interviews were conducted as the primary data collection method, involving 12 participants who are experts in the fields of sports and marketing. According to the research findings, the implications include cost reduction, improved human resource management, enhanced performance, better planning and budget management, accelerated employment generation, achieving targeted planning, effective customer communication, practical use in biomechanics and kinesiology, development of universal and championship sports, broad market access, diversity, speed in selection, increased sales, transitioning from knowledge to artificial intelligence-driven wisdom. The study also provides practical recommendations based on the research results.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Sara Keshkar
Abstract
Comparison of sports media policies with media promotion of women's sports.Comparison of sports media policies with media promotion of women's sports.Comparison of sports media policies with media promotion of women's sports.Comparison of sports media policies with media promotion of women's sports.Comparison ...
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Comparison of sports media policies with media promotion of women's sports.Comparison of sports media policies with media promotion of women's sports.Comparison of sports media policies with media promotion of women's sports.Comparison of sports media policies with media promotion of women's sports.Comparison of sports media policies with media promotion of women's sports.Comparison of sports media policies with media promotion of women's sports.Comparison of sports media policies with media promotion of women's sports.Comparison of sports media policies with media promotion of women's sports.Comparison of sports media policies with media promotion of women's sports.Comparison of sports media policies with media promotion of women's sports.Comparison of sports media policies with media promotion of women's sports.Comparison of sports media policies with media promotion of women's sports.Comparison of sports media policies with media promotion of women's sports.Comparison of sports media policies with media promotion of women's sports.Comparison of sports media policies with media promotion of women's sports.Comparison of sports media policies with media promotion of women's sports.Comparison of sports media policies with media promotion of women's sports.Comparison of sports media policies with media promotion of women's sports.Comparison of sports media policies with media promotion of women's sports.Comparison of sports media policies with media promotion of women's sports.Comparison of sports media policies with media promotion of women's sports.Comparison of sports media policies with media promotion of women's sports.Comparison of sports media policies with media promotion of women's sports.Comparison of sports media policies with media promotion of women's sports.Comparison of sports media policies with media promotion of women's
Research Paper
Sports Media
Elham Fatahi; Saeid Sadegehi Burojerdi; Abed Mahmoudian
Abstract
Abestract: The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the effect of the characteristics of fitness Instagram pages and their trainers on the flow experience, satisfaction and behavioral intention of followers. The present research method is descriptive and correlational. 391 students ...
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Abestract: The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the effect of the characteristics of fitness Instagram pages and their trainers on the flow experience, satisfaction and behavioral intention of followers. The present research method is descriptive and correlational. 391 students of Kurdistan University were selected as a statistical sample based on available sampling method. The measuring instrument was a questionnaire. The results showed that the characteristics of fitness pages on Instagram directly affect the flow experience (0.64), satisfaction (0.53), and the characteristics of fitness trainers directly affect the satisfaction (0.44) and flow experience (0.47). ) have a positive and significant effect. In addition, flow experience on followers' satisfaction (0.39), flow experience on followers' behavioral intentions (0.51), followers' satisfaction on their behavioral intentions (0.50), and have a positive and significant effect. Finally, the results indicate that the characteristics of fitness pages indirectly affect followers' behavioral intentions through the mediation of flow experience with a coefficient of (0.33), the mediation of flow experience and followers' satisfaction with a coefficient of (0.12) and the characteristics of fitness trainers indirectly. Followers' behavioral intentions through mediation of followers' satisfaction with coefficient (0.22), mediation of flow experience and followers' satisfaction with coefficient (0.12) also have a positive and significant effect. It can be said that active fitness trainers and pages on Instagram,
Research Paper
Sport Communication
majid bahrami; Mina Mostahfezian; mahnaz marvi
Abstract
The aim of the current research was to investigate the lived experience of the key stakeholders of the Iranian Liver Federation in the problem of understanding and applying communication literacy, which was done with a qualitative method and a phenomenological strategy. Using purposive sampling, 17 main ...
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The aim of the current research was to investigate the lived experience of the key stakeholders of the Iranian Liver Federation in the problem of understanding and applying communication literacy, which was done with a qualitative method and a phenomenological strategy. Using purposive sampling, 17 main stakeholders were selected as participants. The method of data collection was semi-structured interview. This research used Husserl's descriptive phenomenological perspective. To analyze the answers to the open questions, the data analysis method of Colaizi (1978) was used. Data storage and management were done using NVivo 11.0 software. Based on the analysis, five main domains or themes were obtained, which are: 1- limited understanding of communication literacy; 2- not very suitable state of developmental competence; 3- Existence of digital divide; 4- Computational thinking lower than expected and 5- Limited knowledge of communication levels. It was found that the main beneficiaries of liver sports are in a good position in terms of understanding communication literacy, but this correct understanding has not led to the application and application of communication literacy in them. It was suggested to create development programs for formative skills such as development of formative skills, critical thinking, problem solving, and algorithmic thinking, promoting the importance of formative skills through promotion, information transfer and training to other stakeholders and related people. These resources should be available to all key stakeholders.
Research Paper
Sports Media
zahra asgari gandomani; Hossein Akbari Yazdi; hamid roudbari; rohollah asgari gandomani
Abstract
The purpose of this practical study is to investigate the effect of gamification of sports programs on the purchase intention of consumers. For this purpose, cognitive evaluation was used to predict the effect of consumers' enjoyment of sports games on their purchase intention.The current survey ...
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The purpose of this practical study is to investigate the effect of gamification of sports programs on the purchase intention of consumers. For this purpose, cognitive evaluation was used to predict the effect of consumers' enjoyment of sports games on their purchase intention.The current survey study of the electronic five-point Likert questionnaire that includes; There were 3 questions for pleasure(Kim and Lee, 2013; Venkatesh and Gossin, 2009), 4 questions for reward(Nelson, 2008; O'Brien, 2010; Kankanhali, 2012) and 4 questions for purchase intention(Huang, 2017). 384 Iranian consumers who used NikeFuel or Nike+. A total of 380 questionnaires were returned, of which 352 were approved. The data was analyzed by SPSS 26 and smart PLS04 software. To check the reliability of the tool, the composite reliability coefficient(CR) for pleasure was 0.909, purchase intention was 0.886, and reward was 0.949. To measure the validity of the tool, average variance extracted(AVE) for pleasure was 0.770, purchase intention was 0.663, and reward was 0.822. The results showed that reward has a positive effect on pleasure and pleasure has a positive correlation with purchase intention. The study shows that the sports game can increase the consumer's purchase intention when it satisfies the psychological needs of the consumers as well as the reward satisfies the basic psychological needs of the people, which is the key to increase the enjoyment in the games. In addition, enjoying the game in the shopping market promotes consumer behavior. Sports companies should create an environment that has positive emotional effects on consumers.
Research Paper
Sports Media
MAHBOUBEH Naghavi; Amir reza khadem
Abstract
The purpose of the research was to investigate the role of sports media content in increasing the audience of women's sports events in the national media, with the approach of data-foundation theory. The present research method was qualitative and exploratory. The statistical population of this ...
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The purpose of the research was to investigate the role of sports media content in increasing the audience of women's sports events in the national media, with the approach of data-foundation theory. The present research method was qualitative and exploratory. The statistical population of this research includes; Media specialists have a university teaching experience or sports and media activists, sports promotion specialists in the media and are familiar with it, sports experts and officials, sports program makers, policy makers and sports consultants of the Broadcasting Organization. Sampling was by non-probability method, with purposeful selection and snowball method. The number of samples in this research was 19 people. The measurement tool was a semi-structured interview. The data were analyzed based on three stages of open, central and selective coding by MAXQDA software. Based on data analysis, 202 primary concepts (open codes), 28 central codes and 5 selective codes were identified. According to the research results; Since the existence of national media depends on the audience. It is necessary for the national media to respond to the needs of the audience by using the process and tools in today's complex environment. and have the ability to respond to changes and be flexible in the face of extensive and rapid changes, and by taking advantage of these processes, it will be placed in the field of women's sports in the path of re-creation and attraction of the audience.
Review Article
Validating Research Tool
Behnam Asheghi; mehr ali hematinezhad toli; rahim ramezani nejad; Esmaeil Malek Akhlagh
Abstract
The current research is a systematic review of strategic sports management articles published in scientific journals in order to comprehensively categorize studies. This research is descriptive in terms of practical purpose, content analysis and documents in terms of implementation. The statistical population ...
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The current research is a systematic review of strategic sports management articles published in scientific journals in order to comprehensively categorize studies. This research is descriptive in terms of practical purpose, content analysis and documents in terms of implementation. The statistical population of the research includes 275 articles related to the field of strategic sports management until 1401, which were found in scientific databases and scientific publications by searching keywords such as strategic management, strategic management, strategic planning, and strategic planning. It was investigated through content analysis. The results showed that this field can be classified into 7 trends, the most important of which are: 1- Strategic management in sports organizations, 2- Strategic management in public sports, 3- Strategic management in championship sports, Tehran universities. , Azad University and Payamnoor University have focused more on this field and most of the articles have been published in the Journal of Sports Management Studies. Also, in citing this field, more Persian articles were used and quantitative research method was used in more than 46% of the researches. Considering the importance of strategic studies in sports and its impact on championship sports, as well as increasing health with participation in the field of public sports, it is suggested to build a body of knowledge in sports management, in addition to common topics, to pay attention to more specialized topics that arise from the field of planning in are sports, should be considered by students, professors and planners of this field.
Research Paper
Sport Communication
mojtaba ghorbany asiabar; Hamid Ghasemi
Abstract
The current research was conducted in order to design a model of brand community (sports) as a tool to improve social capital in management using combined method with a sequential exploratory approach. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, qualitative data was collected and analyzed in ...
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The current research was conducted in order to design a model of brand community (sports) as a tool to improve social capital in management using combined method with a sequential exploratory approach. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, qualitative data was collected and analyzed in the first stage, and quantitative data was collected and analyzed in the second stage. The investigated community of this research in the qualitative part consists of 15 experts and elites, and in the quantitative part, there are 326 post-graduate researchers of the sports management (branding) branch of universities and scientific institutions across the country with geographical (regional) distribution between 2022-2023. To collect data, the coding method was used to arrive at a standard questionnaire. Research data were analyzed through structural equation modeling based on covariance. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between brand knowledge, brand satisfaction, brand identification, brand loyalty, brand image, and brand community, and relationships, values, trust, and commitment have a significant relationship with social capital, as well as between brand community and social capital. There is a strong relationship. Therefore, we conclude that the brand community model as a tool for promoting social capital in management is a new and efficient approach that has a significant effect on improving the performance of organizations and creating value for the target society. By using the brand community model, organizations will be able to improve their identity, values, and public image and establish effective communication with their customers.
Research Paper
Sport Advertising
Hassan Khorsandi; Ehsan Asadollahi; Shahryar Kharazian
Abstract
Sports brands are always looking for effective methods of advertising in the media to control the buying behavior of consumers, so the purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of advertising Characters in social media on the awareness of sports brands with the aim of creating purchase intention ...
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Sports brands are always looking for effective methods of advertising in the media to control the buying behavior of consumers, so the purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of advertising Characters in social media on the awareness of sports brands with the aim of creating purchase intention in consumers.The research method was applied in terms of its nature and purpose, and in terms of the data analysis method, it was descriptive-correlation, and data collection was done in the field.The statistical population of this research includes all consumers of sports brand products in the city of Mashhad in an unlimited number.Data collection was done using a researcher-made questionnaire of advertising characters, a standard questionnaire of brand awareness by Gill et al and a standard questionnaire of purchase intention by Beck and King.After confirming face validity,construct validity and instrument reliability, data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings showed that advertising characters of human, animal, nature and scenery, objects and machines, plants and fruits have a direct and significant effect on purchase intention through brand awareness, but the advertising character variable of symbolic buildings and structures has a direct and significant effect through brand awareness. It has no meaning on the intention to buy. Using the results of the present research,the marketing and sales officials of sports brands can increase the effectiveness of their advertisements in the media, and get help from advertising personalities in branding and managing their brand to create purchase intention in consumers.
Research Paper
Sport Communication
Morad Roumiani; Seyed Mohammad Hossein Razavi; Rasool Norouzi Seyed Hossini; Morteza Dousti
Abstract
The aim of this research is to analyze the role of gender in the psychological characteristics of Iranian gamers.The research method is descriptive-analytical which was conducted in the field.The statisticalpopulationof the present study consistsof Iranian gamers.Questionnaireswill be distributed among ...
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The aim of this research is to analyze the role of gender in the psychological characteristics of Iranian gamers.The research method is descriptive-analytical which was conducted in the field.The statisticalpopulationof the present study consistsof Iranian gamers.Questionnaireswill be distributed among the research samples from the available sampling method and in the form of online distribution.ThedatacollectiontoolwasademographicformandDASS-21stress-anxiety-depression questionnaire.In order to analyze the data,descriptive statistics and Levin's test (checking the equality of variances of the research variables)were used.Thetwo-way analysis of variance test was used to investigate the gender psychological characteristics of male and female gamers. Based on the results,it can be said that there is a significant difference between the average depression of the two groups of men and womenbasedontheamountofparticipation(timeplayed perweek)(Sig=0.002,F=4,510=4.198);In other words, gender and the amount of participation have a significant effect on the level of depression of people.Also,the results show that there is a significant difference between the average anxiety of the twogroupsofmenandwomenbased on the amount of participation(timeplayedperweek)(Sig=0.003,004/4=(4,510)F).Thismeans that genderand the level of participation have a significant effect on the level of anxietyat the same time.Based on the results of the two-way analysis of variance,itwas observed that there is a significant difference between the average stress of the research samples of the two groups of men and women based on the amount of participation(timeplayedperweek)(Sig=0.013,(4=3.197)F,510). The finding means that genderand the level of participation have a significant effect on the level of stress of peopleat the sametime. Therefore, the eSports Association should strive to create a safe and healthy environment for all players.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Rezvan Kavyaniniya; Adel Afkhar; Majid Solimani
Abstract
The current research was carried out with the aim of influencing factors on the decision making of risky investment of accelerator companies in the field of sports startups. The research method was of a mixed type (qualitative-quantitative) and its qualitative part was done in the form of Glazer's ...
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The current research was carried out with the aim of influencing factors on the decision making of risky investment of accelerator companies in the field of sports startups. The research method was of a mixed type (qualitative-quantitative) and its qualitative part was done in the form of Glazer's emergent approach. The statistical population in the qualitative section included people who are aware of the research topic, and according to the purposeful selection, the number of 15 people was determined as a sample. Also, in the quantitative part of this research, all active people in the field of sports start-up were included. The content validity of this questionnaire was examined using the opinion of university professors and its construct validity by means of factor analysis. In order to analyze the data, coding and structural equation method were used. All data analysis process was done in SPSS, PLS and MaxQDA software. The results showed that a total of 6 themes, including time frames, investment risk, psychological aspects, previous experiences, financial issues, and legal-economic issues, were identified as factors influencing the decision-making of risky investments of accelerator companies in the field of sports startups. The results showed that the psychological factor with an effect of 0.263 has the most effect among all the variables. In general, in order to speed up the risky investment decisions of accelerator companies in the field of sports startups, platforms should be provided in line with individual and environmental issues.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Ahmad Mahmoudi; Ali abolhoseini; Reza Amin Zadeh; Mani Eisa Aref Aljabouri
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the in-app features of health and fitness apps.Method: The current qualitative research was conducted with thematic analysis method and the statistical population of this research is all the professors of physical education and sports sciences of the ...
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the in-app features of health and fitness apps.Method: The current qualitative research was conducted with thematic analysis method and the statistical population of this research is all the professors of physical education and sports sciences of the country's universities (specifically, sports management and media), professors and specialists in education and training, specialists and employees. The technology field was sports. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were used, the sampling method was purposeful, and the sampling continued until theoretical saturation was reached. During a process and interviews with 21 people, the interviews reached the point of theoretical saturation. Based on thematic analysis, the data were coded and analyzed. In the thematic analysis, the data obtained from the interviews with experts were coded according to the research topic.Findings: 44 concepts, 6 sub-themes and 3 main themes (external indicators, internal indicators and differentiating indicators) were identified.Conclusion: It can be said that by identifying the in-app features of health and fitness applications, it is possible to advise the designers and developers of these applications to focus more on the tastes and Pay attention to the needs of users and design programs that can be run on all types of mobile phones and each user can adjust and use it according to their situation.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Ramin Gholipoor; Habib Mohammadpour Yaghini; mohammadrahim najafzadeh; Jafar bargi Moghadam
Abstract
The aim of the current research was to design a model for shaping the citizenship behavior of football fans based on the role of social media. This applied and qualitative research is based on grounded theory with Strauss and Corbin's approach. The statistical population included professors of sports ...
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The aim of the current research was to design a model for shaping the citizenship behavior of football fans based on the role of social media. This applied and qualitative research is based on grounded theory with Strauss and Corbin's approach. The statistical population included professors of sports management, sociology and psychology, managers of sports organizations, as well as specialists and activists in the field of social media, 21 of whom participated in research interviews using the snowball method and considering theoretical saturation. The research tool was a semi-structured interview and its validity and reliability were confirmed by using Guba and Lincoln (1985) indices, including validity, transferability, reliability and verifiability, and the retest reliability was 0.89. Data were analyzed using three-stage open, central and selective coding. The results of the research showed that hooliganism, the importance of directing and controlling the crowd and the ability of social media as causal factors; structural factors, management factors and social factors as background factors; socio-cultural factors, economic factors and political factors as intervening factors; educational, management strategies, reforming media, motivational, security and needs assessment policies as a strategy and social development, quality improvement, sports development and injury reduction are the consequences of shaping the citizenship behavior of football fans by relying on the role of social media. Therefore, managers of football clubs and stadiums can use social media to improve and shape the citizenship behavior of their fans.
Research Paper
Sport Communication
Amir Hossein Labbaf; Mohsen Vahdani
Abstract
This qualitative study investigates artificial intelligence dimensions in the field of sports science. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 experts active in the fields of media and communication, artificial intelligence, and sports science through targeted and snowball sampling. Conducting ...
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This qualitative study investigates artificial intelligence dimensions in the field of sports science. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 experts active in the fields of media and communication, artificial intelligence, and sports science through targeted and snowball sampling. Conducting interviews continued until the data reached the theoretical saturation stage. The data extracted from the text of the interviews were analyzed using the theme analysis method. After analyzing and coding the data, three main themes including the opportunities of artificial intelligence in sports science (5 sub-themes and 23 concepts), the threats of artificial intelligence in sports science (6 sub-themes and 21 concepts) and the solutions of intelligence management synthetics were categorized in the field of sports science (8 sub-themes and 24 concepts). In total, the identified dimensions were categorized into 3 main themes, 19 sub-themes and 68 concepts. To empower professors, students, and university employees, it is suggested to hold artificial intelligence courses that include the functions and threats of this technology. In addition, the educational and research policies of universities should be reviewed based on the introduction of this technology.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Leila Shokohi Rostami; Zayalabedin Falah; Taher Behlekeh; Asra Asgari
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to analyze the capacities of the media in order to develop the sports participation of the elderly with an emphasis on social welfare factors. A qualitative research with a systematic exploratory approach was chosen. The statistical population included two parts of human ...
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The purpose of this research was to analyze the capacities of the media in order to develop the sports participation of the elderly with an emphasis on social welfare factors. A qualitative research with a systematic exploratory approach was chosen. The statistical population included two parts of human resources (professors, managers, seniors) and information sources (books, articles, documents, media). Sampling was done in a sufficient number and with a judgment method based on reaching theoretical saturation (18 people). Research tools included systematic library study and structured exploratory interviews. The validity of the instrument was evaluated and confirmed based on the validity of the sample, the opinion of experts and the agreement between the correctors. In order to analyze the findings, a multi-stage conceptual coding method with a systemic analysis approach was used. Based on the extracted conceptual framework, it included 5 categories and 29 open codes. The results of selective coding showed that 5 main categories or core codes include information, education, culture, monitoring and motivation. Therefore, it can be concluded that; Officials with media partners should design educational and promotional programs suitable for the elderly and broadcast them in mass media so that a culture of support for elderly sports is formed in the society
Research Paper
Sports Media
hakim bekrizadeh; hemmat allh bastami; hossein naderpoor
Abstract
This article was conducted with the aim of modeling the effect of media and social networks on the tendency of the citizens of Kalat Nader city towards public sports with the mediating role of information technology. The research method was descriptive correlation type with structural equation model. ...
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This article was conducted with the aim of modeling the effect of media and social networks on the tendency of the citizens of Kalat Nader city towards public sports with the mediating role of information technology. The research method was descriptive correlation type with structural equation model. The statistical population of the research includes all men and women who were engaged in sports in public sports spaces and places in the city of Kalat Nader, in order to determine the sample size, since accurate statistics of the number of people participating in public sports activities in the city of Kalat Nader are available. Therefore, the last level of society is considered in Morgan's sampling table (384 people). The measurement tools included Naji et al.'s sports propensity questionnaire (2013), single social media and networks questionnaire (2014), and information and communication technology questionnaire by Mahmoudi (2014). In addition, the results showed that in the hypothesized model, all correlation coefficients and path coefficients of the model were statistically significant, and the medium of information technology in this model has a significant positive and indirect effect with an effect rate of 0.402. As a result, the media should act systematically with the help of new information technologies and put public sports in the top of their work in a principled and fundamental way, and sports experts should also cooperate in addition to publishing scientific findings in specialized media.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Mohsen Gholipor; Sirous Ahmadi; Gholamreza Khaksari
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to analyze the role of media in the development of moral legitimacy in Iran's sports legal system. The research method is qualitative and with thematic analysis approach. The statistical population of this research includes experts familiar with the media, moral legitimacy ...
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The purpose of this research is to analyze the role of media in the development of moral legitimacy in Iran's sports legal system. The research method is qualitative and with thematic analysis approach. The statistical population of this research includes experts familiar with the media, moral legitimacy and the legal system of Iranian sports, which includes university professors (at least two researches in the field of research variables), Iranian sports lawyers (having experience in legal cases in Iranian sports) and Some managers of Iranian sports media (radio, television, newspapers and sports magazines) with more than 5 years of experience were selected by purposeful sampling (15 people). The research tools included systematic library study and structured exploratory interviews. The validity of the tool was evaluated and confirmed based on the legal and scientific validity of the sample, expert opinion and agreement between the correctors. The results of the analysis and interpretation of the experts' interviews showed that there are four roles of awareness-raising, motivational, needs assessment and training among the roles of the media in order to develop moral legitimacy in Iran's sports legal system. Also, the themes of awareness and education can have an impact on needs assessment and motivation.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Rezgar Pourmarouf; Ali Afrouzeh; Mohammad Pourkiani
Abstract
In this study, the AIDA model (attention, interest, desire, and behavioral action) and TAM (technology acceptance model) were used to explain the behavior of consumers of sports products through augmented reality shopping applications familiar on social media. Thus, the present study aimed ...
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In this study, the AIDA model (attention, interest, desire, and behavioral action) and TAM (technology acceptance model) were used to explain the behavior of consumers of sports products through augmented reality shopping applications familiar on social media. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the impact of social media on the process of using augmented reality shopping applications by customers of sports products emphasizing the AIDA and the TAM models. The present study was descriptive and correlational in terms of nature. Convenience sampling was used. The samples were selected among those who were familiar with augmented reality shopping applications through social networks and had experience using augmented reality shopping applications. AIDA and TAM model questionnaires were used as research tools. To analyze the data and assess the direct and indirect effects of variables, structural equation modeling was used in PLS4 software. The results revealed that attention and interest have a positive and significant impact on behavioral beliefs in the technology acceptance model. Thus, it can be concluded that social media acts as an external element in the process of accepting augmented reality shopping applications. It promotes a mediating role in creating the desire to use applications by positively affecting users' attitudes toward accepting new technology. The promotion of augmented reality shopping applications in social networks can facilitate the process of familiarity with using these applications. Research and development companies in Iran can draw the attention of users toward the use of these platforms by adding various sports options to the product menu of augmented reality shopping applications.
Research Paper
Sport International Relations
Rahim Zare; Mahdi Shariati Feizabadi; Fathollah Havil
Abstract
The presence of the US San Francisco Oil Company in the deserts of Arabia in 1920 and the continued exploration of oil in the Dokhan of Qatar in the 1940s by the British were accompanied by the beginning of the attention of the Sheikhs of the Persian Gulf to football. The numerous and diverse hosting ...
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The presence of the US San Francisco Oil Company in the deserts of Arabia in 1920 and the continued exploration of oil in the Dokhan of Qatar in the 1940s by the British were accompanied by the beginning of the attention of the Sheikhs of the Persian Gulf to football. The numerous and diverse hosting of sports events in the Arab countries of the Middle East has caused sports, especially football, to be referred to as the new oil of this region. The purpose of the current research was to investigate what, why and how Arab countries in the region, especially Saudi Arabia and Qatar, pay attention to football, and further the role of football in the modern governance of the Middle East. The population and statistical sample was equal to all the English and Persian research conducted in the field of international football, football politics and football geopolitics in the Middle East region. The findings of the research showed that Qatar and Saudi Arabia are following the UAE as a sports nation in the region, and both countries are trying to use football as a lever to attract tourists, strengthen the public health of citizens, and create employment and investment to complete the power vacuum in the post-Arab spring period.
Research Paper
Validating Research Tool
Ramin Iraji Noghondar
Abstract
The aim of this research was to analyze the factor structure of the reputation questionnaire of social media sports influencers from the perspective of the audience of the Instagram social network. The research method is a descriptive-survey type and in terms of the goal, it is a developmental type that ...
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The aim of this research was to analyze the factor structure of the reputation questionnaire of social media sports influencers from the perspective of the audience of the Instagram social network. The research method is a descriptive-survey type and in terms of the goal, it is a developmental type that has been implemented in the field. The statistical population of this research was made up of sports users following ten social media influencers in Iran, from whom 634 questionnaires were collected by random sampling. In order to collect data, Rao and Han (2021) reputation questionnaire of social media influencers, which consisted of 27 questions, was used. In order to analyze the data from descriptive indices and Cronbach's alpha test, one-sample t test, MacDonald's omega coefficient and theta coefficient in SPSS software, exploratory factor analysis and data skewness and truncated test in Stata software and Confirmatory factor analysis was used in LISREL statistical software. The results showed the reliability of the questionnaire (α=0.951, Ω=0.959, θ=0.963). The results showed that the reputation of social media influencers can be measured by four components of communication skills, influence, credibility and experience and expertise. Convergent and divergent validity and model fit indices were also confirmed. Finally, it is suggested to use the social media influencers' reputation questionnaire, which is a reliable and valid scale to evaluate the factors of social media influencers' reputation in the field of the Instagram social network, and obtain reliable and stable results.
Research Paper
Sport Advertising
Nadia Kahrizi; Mohamad Piri; Javad Karimi
Abstract
Social media is used as a platform to carry out marketing and advertising activities. The present study was designed and implemented with the aim of investigating the role of emotional advertising of wellness products in social networks on the mental attraction of young and adolescent consumers (a case ...
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Social media is used as a platform to carry out marketing and advertising activities. The present study was designed and implemented with the aim of investigating the role of emotional advertising of wellness products in social networks on the mental attraction of young and adolescent consumers (a case study of the Rubika social network). The method of the present research was correlation. The statistical population of the research included all young consumers who regularly participated in social network activities in these spaces. The exact number of these people was unknown. According to Cochran's sample size formula, 381 people were selected as the research sample in the conditions of uncertainty of the statistical population and also high dispersion of the statistical population. In order to analyze the research data, structural equation test was used in SPS and Imus software. The key results of narrative structural equation modeling and the validity of the current model and the significant effect of performance expectation, pleasure-seeking motivation, interaction, information value and perceived importance on purchase intention were shown. This study provides some practical and theoretical guidelines on how to plan and effectively implement marketing campaigns on social media platforms.
Research Paper
Sport Advertising
alireza esfandiari; Nasrin Azizian kohan; Mehrdad Moharramzadeh
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to present a model of developing a sports and tourism ecosystem with the mediating role of electronic commerce. This research was quantitative and applied in terms of purpose with a survey approach. The statistical population consisted of experts and professionals in sports ...
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The aim of the present study is to present a model of developing a sports and tourism ecosystem with the mediating role of electronic commerce. This research was quantitative and applied in terms of purpose with a survey approach. The statistical population consisted of experts and professionals in sports management, including a combination of sports managers, tourism experts, and e-commerce specialists related to sports and ecosystem (a total of 70 individuals). Considering the researcher's access to the list of individuals in the population, the sample size was determined to be 59 individuals based on the Morgan table. Sampling was done using purposive sampling and with the use of the theoretical saturation index. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that included three variables: development of the sports ecosystem, tourism, and electronic commerce. Additionally, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to assess reliability, which showed desirable values for all three variables and the overall questionnaire, with values of 0.81, 0.79, 0.82, and 0.80, respectively. Structural-interpretive modeling approach was used with the (PLS3) software. The tests used included tests for normality, standard deviation, significance, and correlation. The analysis results showed a significant relationship between electronic commerce and tourism. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between the development of the sports ecosystem and electronic commerce. However, there was no significant relationship between the development of the sports ecosystem and tourism, and the mediating role of the electronic commerce variable in the relationship between the development of the sports ecosystem and tourism was confirmed.
Research Paper
Sports Media
samaneh saeidpour; marjan saffari; Rasool Norouzi Seyed Hossini; najaf aghaei
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the role of domestic and foreign social media in promoting leisure physical activity among adult women in Tehran. This objective-driven research utilized a descriptive and qualitative approach. The statistical population included adult women aged 20-60 in Tehran, ...
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The present study aimed to determine the role of domestic and foreign social media in promoting leisure physical activity among adult women in Tehran. This objective-driven research utilized a descriptive and qualitative approach. The statistical population included adult women aged 20-60 in Tehran, specifically those who had reached the World Health Organization's standard for physical activity (at least 150 minutes per week) for at least one year. Participants were selected from the sports groups of the “Sport Organization of Tehran Municipality.” Sampling began randomly (cluster type) and continued purposefully until theoretical saturation was reached. Data were collected through 51 individual interviews and 5 focus groups (29 participants) across five areas of Tehran. Interviews were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis approach, resulting in 135 codes, 49 categories, and 16 subthemes. These subthemes were grouped into three main themes for better analysis. The results indicated that foreign social media positively influence women's leisure physical activity by creating educational, motivational, informational, communicative, social, and cultural conditions. However, they can also have negative effects through time-wasting, physical, psychological, and financial damage, lack of trust, and filtering. In contrast, domestic social media were found to have no significant role in promoting women's leisure physical activity. It is recommended that instead of filtering effective media in the realm of leisure physical activity, the government should educate the public on their use and invest in improving the quality, security, and attractiveness of domestic media.
Research Paper
Sports Media
fateh faraziani; Mahboobeh Roozbahani; Parvin Faraji
Abstract
This research was conducted with the aim of presenting a Presenting the communicational model of traumatic use of the Internet and insecure attachment with the mediating role of sports participation model of traumatic use of the Internet and insecure attachment with the mediating role of sports participation ...
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This research was conducted with the aim of presenting a Presenting the communicational model of traumatic use of the Internet and insecure attachment with the mediating role of sports participation model of traumatic use of the Internet and insecure attachment with the mediating role of sports participation in secondary school female students. The current research is of applied purpose type and in terms of descriptive-correlation method with structural equation modeling approach. The statistical population of the research included all female high school students in Javanrood city in the academic year of 2022-2023. 322 of them were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Kaplan (2002), the attachment style questionnaire of Collins and Reed (1997) and the sports participation motivation questionnaire of Gill (1993) were used to collect information. To analyze the research data, descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation and variance were used, and at the level of inferential statistics, Kolmogorov Smirnov test, path analysis and Sobel test were used using spss27 software and SmartPLS3 software. The results of the research showed that the variable of traumatic use of the Internet has an effect on insecure attachment due to the mediating role of sports participation. According to the findings of the present research, in order to reduce the injuries caused by the Internet and virtual space and insecure attachment styles in teenagers, it is necessary to provide more sports participation for these people.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Afshin Talebi; Sirous Ahmadi; Majid Solimani; Gholamreza Khaksari
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to provide a model for the development of professional competencies of sports journalists.The current research method is based on a qualitative approach to the foundational data method (Strauss and Corbin's systematic model), which was conducted in the field in terms ...
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The purpose of this research was to provide a model for the development of professional competencies of sports journalists.The current research method is based on a qualitative approach to the foundational data method (Strauss and Corbin's systematic model), which was conducted in the field in terms of the fundamental purpose and in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this research includes researchers and university professors in the fields of sports management and sports media (at least two researches in the field of the research topic), selected managers of sports media (with management experience of more than 5 years and master's and doctoral studies) and Also, there are top national journalists in sports media (with more than 10 years of journalistic experience) who were selected by purposeful sampling method (19 people). The qualitative approach of grounded theory was used for open, central and selective coding in data analysis and open coding was done by analyzing the interviews. Based on the identified open codes, the central codes were formed and the theoretical model was developed with the help of selective coding, then the paradigm model was approved by the opinion of experts.The validity and reliability of the interviews were confirmed.The pattern of development of professional competencies of sports journalists, affected by causal conditions (personal characteristics and specialized factors) and taking into account extractive strategies (educational, communication and motivational) which are affected by background conditions (infrastructures and laws and regulations) and Intervening conditions (economic, political and managerial factors) can lead .
Research Paper
Sports Media
Samad Khosrozadeh Akram; Aboalfazl Neshatizenoz; Mohamad Jalilvand
Abstract
The current research was designed and implemented with the aim of analyzing the interactive relationships of technical competence dimensions of Iranian professional football managers in the field of media and communication. The present research is one of the mixed researches that was conducted in the ...
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The current research was designed and implemented with the aim of analyzing the interactive relationships of technical competence dimensions of Iranian professional football managers in the field of media and communication. The present research is one of the mixed researches that was conducted in the form of qualitative and quantitative methods and according to its application in sports and academic environments, it is one of the practical researches. The statistical population of the research included those who were knowledgeable about the research field. The research collection tool included a researcher-made questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. In the quantitative analysis part of the research, Dimtel method was used. After completing the Delphi rounds, the remaining indicators were categorized into 6 components (human resources, IT, communication skills, media literacy, communication literacy and crisis management) and 33 sub-components. In the continuation of this research, 6 components were used to perform Dimtel's method. According to the relationships, it was determined that the role of communication skills, media literacy and communication literacy in the emergence and formation of expert human factors and crisis management in order to develop the technical competence of Iran's professional football managers in the field of media and communication is important and clear.
Research Paper
Sports Media
seyed afshin mousavi; mahdi kohandel; Seyed Nemat Khalifeh; Hossein Abdolmaleki
Abstract
Abstract:
The aim of this study was to present a model of professional sports development through digital media. The metacognitive framework used for this research is the data theory of the emergent approach. The participants of this research were media experts, sports experts and sports management university ...
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Abstract:
The aim of this study was to present a model of professional sports development through digital media. The metacognitive framework used for this research is the data theory of the emergent approach. The participants of this research were media experts, sports experts and sports management university professors with research results in the field of media and sports. The purposeful sampling method and its strategy was snowball type and a total of 22 interviews were conducted. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. To check the validity and reliability of the results, the strategies of believability, transferability, verifiability, process audit study and intra-subject agreement of two coders were used. In order to analyze the data, three stages were done, i.e. open, selective and theoretical coding. The current results are that the role of digital media in the development of professional sports includes 50 concepts, 16 subcategories and 3 main categories, and the core category titled "Synergy of media and sports industry" is obtained from the conceptual connection between them. Therefore, the synergy of the media and the sports industry means the cooperation and solidarity between the sports industry and the media through which professional sports develop, influenced by the unique functions and features of digital media.
Research Paper
Sport Communication
Hossein Karim Abbas
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of perceived social responsibility on brand equity with the mediating role of team identification and online community identification in Iraqi Naft al-Wasat futsal team fans. The present research was applied in terms of objective and in terms of ...
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The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of perceived social responsibility on brand equity with the mediating role of team identification and online community identification in Iraqi Naft al-Wasat futsal team fans. The present research was applied in terms of objective and in terms of method was of correlation type. The statistical population of the research was formed by the fans of Iraq's Naft al-Wasat futsal team who were members of online virtual groups or online fan communities. According to Mueller's optimal sample size rule, 277 fans participated in the research as a sample. The data collection tool was Kim and Manoli's (2022) standard questionnaires of perceived social responsibility, team identification, online community identification and brand equity. Variance based structural equation model was used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that perceived social responsibility has a positive and significant effect on brand value (β=0.322), team identification (β=0.652) and online community identification (β=0.695). Also, team identification (β=0.315) and online community identification (β=0.311) have a positive and significant effect on brand equity. Finally, the perceived social responsibility has a significant effect on the brand equity with the mediating role of team identification and online community identification in Naft al-Wasat futsal team fans (β=0.422). According to the results of the research, managers of team can increase their level of social responsibility to improve their brand value and strengthen the fans' team identification and fans' identification in the club's online communities.
Research Paper
Sports Media
fatemeh dehpasi; Morteza dehpasi
Abstract
The purpose of the current research is to analyze the media, social and personality aspects of the legend of wrestling. The research method was mixed and sequential exploratory. The interviews were used in the qualitative part and Delphi method was used in the quantitative part. The research population ...
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The purpose of the current research is to analyze the media, social and personality aspects of the legend of wrestling. The research method was mixed and sequential exploratory. The interviews were used in the qualitative part and Delphi method was used in the quantitative part. The research population in the qualitative part was specialists in media and sports marketing, professors and experts in the field of wrestling. The sampling method was purposeful and snowball until theoretical saturation was reached, and 19 interviews were conducted at the end. The research tool in the quantitative section was a questionnaire with 3 indicators and 66 criteria which was answered by 12 experts in the form of a two-step Delphi questionnaire.In the qualitative section, MAXQDA 2020 software was used to code and present the model, and in the quantitative section, SPSS version 26 software was used for descriptive analysis. The findings showed that the important components in the media and political dimension include: presence in radio and television, being away from the gossip, excellent communication with the environment outside of sport. in the personality dimension: healthy lifestyle, heroic character, being philanthropic, interested in the wrestling family and the Social personality, having a sense of responsibility towards the happenings of the society, considering himself a part of the people in the society. According to the results, it is suggested that Hasan Yazdani to teach wrestling coaches as teacher.
Research Paper
Sports Media
seyede safora sharifi; seyyedmohammad kashef; tofig davari
Abstract
The purpose of this research is the influence of the media on the representation of equality, diversity and inclusiveness in sports. Therefore, an applied research with a qualitative approach, based on the Foundation's data method, is in accordance with the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin. ...
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The purpose of this research is the influence of the media on the representation of equality, diversity and inclusiveness in sports. Therefore, an applied research with a qualitative approach, based on the Foundation's data method, is in accordance with the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin. The method of data collection is the study of theoretical foundations and in-depth structured interviews with 10 sports management professors, managers and expert experts in connection with media management. The sampling method was continued in a targeted manner and until theoretical saturation. The validity of this research was checked and confirmed by the interviewees and then expert professors. In addition, in the current research, the within-subject agreement method was used to calculate the reliability of the conducted interviews. For data analysis, the continuous comparison method was used during three stages of open, central and selective coding with MaxQDA software. From the data analysis, 51 open codes, 16 core codes were extracted in 5 codes.
Research Paper
Sports Media
neda ansari; majid khorvash; ELHAM Moshkelgosha,
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of business intelligence ability on the performance of start-ups with the mediating role of social network learning and innovation in the country's sports industry. The statistical population of the study included managers of Iranian sports equipment ...
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The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of business intelligence ability on the performance of start-ups with the mediating role of social network learning and innovation in the country's sports industry. The statistical population of the study included managers of Iranian sports equipment manufacturing companies, according to the statistics announced through the official website of the Ministry of Industry, Mining and Trade of the country, 255 people (236 men and 19 women). The statistical sample is selected by the total number method, so the managers of Iranian sports equipment manufacturing companies formed the statistical sample. Tom and Oliveira's (2016) business intelligence questionnaires, Hasin's (2009) social network learning, Wang and Ahmed's (2004) innovation, Talebi's start-ups (2019) were used to measure the research variables. For structural equation modeling, SPS version 23 and PLS version 2 software were used. The fit index of the model was reported as GOF=0.61. The results of the research showed that the ability of business intelligence has an effect on the development of the performance of start-ups with the mediating role of social network learning and innovation in the country's sports industry.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Mehrdad Moharramzadeh; Mohammad Zare Abandansari; Abolfazl Arij
Abstract
The media has an important role in the development of women's sports and this can be achieved if the cultural attitude towards women and women's sports is supported in the media and society, so the purpose of this research is to investigate the role of the media in women's tendency towards ...
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The media has an important role in the development of women's sports and this can be achieved if the cultural attitude towards women and women's sports is supported in the media and society, so the purpose of this research is to investigate the role of the media in women's tendency towards sports and physical activity. The current research was conducted in terms of practical purpose and qualitative method using the descriptive phenomenology approach (colaizzi method), the participants of the research include: university faculty members in the sports management department, senior broadcasting managers in the provincial units, media activists in television and radio, there are professional athletes in national teams, coaches working in women's sports and managers working in women's sports. Finally, 18 of the mentioned people were selected as the final sample with the purposeful and accessible snowball sampling method. Based on the results of the interviews; 58 sub-themes in the form of 6 main themes including; Gender equality, role modeling, sports promotion, support, management and culture were identified. Therefore, it is suggested that specialized sports networks, with specific plans, make programs, documents, sports reports in the field of women's sports, to promote and create motivation to engage in sports among the women of the country.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Reza Shahbazi; mirebrahim hoseini; Ruhollah Daei; Hadi Bashirian
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of social media on the authenticity, image, and brand personality of the National Federation of University Sports of Iran. The study is descriptive in nature and of a correlational type, with data collected through field research. The statistical ...
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The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of social media on the authenticity, image, and brand personality of the National Federation of University Sports of Iran. The study is descriptive in nature and of a correlational type, with data collected through field research. The statistical population consisted of sports management professors, and the sample size was equal to the population size, selected based on availability (160 individuals). The data collection tools included the standard social media questionnaire by Seifollahi et al. (2021), the standard brand authenticity questionnaire by Kadiro (2010), the standard brand personality questionnaire by Tsuitsu et al. (2009), and a researcher-made brand image questionnaire. The face and content validity of the questionnaires were confirmed by 12 sports management professors, and the reliability of the questionnaires was determined through Cronbach's alpha, yielding coefficients of 0.86, 0.88, 0.82, and 0.84, respectively. Data analysis was conducted using statistical methods such as frequency percentage, mean, standard deviation, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling with the help of SPSS software version 26 and PLS software version 3. The results showed that social media has a positive and significant impact on the authenticity, image, and brand personality of the federation. Therefore, the National Federation of University Sports of Iran can use social media more actively and purposefully to create more opportunities for interaction and respond to audience comments, thereby enhancing students' sense of belonging to the federation's brand.
Research Paper
Sport Public Relations
Hamidreza Mirsafian; Amir Hossein Labbaf; Haniyeh Kahkeshan
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of sociological analysis of the behavior of Iranian fans in the face of sports legends, especially during the presence of Cristiano Ronaldo in Iran. The qualitative research method was conducted based on the theory of foundation data and content analysis strategy. ...
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The present study was conducted with the aim of sociological analysis of the behavior of Iranian fans in the face of sports legends, especially during the presence of Cristiano Ronaldo in Iran. The qualitative research method was conducted based on the theory of foundation data and content analysis strategy. 10 university professors and specialists were purposefully selected for interviews and participated in an in-depth semi-structured interview. After confirming the validity of the interviews by two experts in sports sociology and also confirming the reliability of the interviews by the method of intra-subject agreement (0.83), the information obtained from the interviews was coded using MAXQDA version 10 software. From the total categories obtained, 8 main categories (characteristics of the legend, media, political, cultural, social, managerial, psychological, economic) and 41 sub-categories were obtained. Factors such as weakness in the education system, lack of attention to Iran's rich Islamic history in the field of education, media weakness in the field of advertising and education, economic problems and shortcomings, social problems and perhaps political orientations are among the factors that influence the inappropriate behavior of fans. Also, the improper performance in the management of this event, which was caused by the weakness in the implementation of scientific management, the lack of attention to the concepts of performance management, along with the lack of meritocracy in the field of sports management in the country, was recognized as another factor affecting the inappropriate holding of this sports event.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Mohsen Sadeghi; Zahra Asghari
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the interaction between championship sports and social unity, emphasizing the role of sports media. This research was applied, qualitative, field-library and thematic analysis. The participants of research were professors and experts in sports management, ...
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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the interaction between championship sports and social unity, emphasizing the role of sports media. This research was applied, qualitative, field-library and thematic analysis. The participants of research were professors and experts in sports management, media and sociology, and managers and activists in the field of sports media, 23 of whom were selected by a targeted and snowball method and considering theoretical saturation. The data collection tool was a semi-structured in-depth interview, and in order to analyze the data, thematic analysis method was used with Attride-Stirling (2001) approach. The results showed that with emphasis on the role of sports media, the effective components of championship sports on social unity include being a role model (power of influence, honoring the value and condemning the worthless and dependent), creating empathy (strengthening the national spirit, strengthening social cohesion, increasing national unity and strengthening national pride), inclusiveness (being visible and having a large audience), multidimensionality (physical dimension and spiritual-psychological dimension) and social factors (increasing vitality and reducing abnormality) and the effective components of social unity on championship sports including support (increasing support of fans, creating and supporting policies), acceptability (social acceptability and financial acceptability), contagiousness (contagion of unity from society to sports and a sense of responsibility) and management (how to hold competitions, sports equipment and facilities) championship and performance). Therefore, it is possible to achieve success in both aspects of championship sports and social unity by paying attention to the effective components in this interaction.
Research Paper
Sport Communication
Shahzad Sadat Hashemi; Rahim Ramezani nejad; Mehdi Mahmoudi Yekta
Abstract
A B S T R A C T The purpose of this research was to develop a framework for inter-organizational relations in the development of sports tourism. A qualitative research method was chosen with a systematic exploratory approach. The statistical population of the research included two parts of human resources ...
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A B S T R A C T The purpose of this research was to develop a framework for inter-organizational relations in the development of sports tourism. A qualitative research method was chosen with a systematic exploratory approach. The statistical population of the research included two parts of human resources . Sufficient number of interviewees and information sources were selected purposefully and based on reaching theoretical saturation. The research tool included semi-structured exploratory interviews along with a systematic library study. The validity of the tool was evaluated and confirmed based on the practical merit, legal and scientific validity of the sample, expert opinion and agreement between the correctors. In order to analyze the findings, a multi-stage conceptual coding method (open, selective and thematic) with thematic analysis approach was used. The final conceptual framework included 118 components, 37 dimensions, 14 perspectives and 6 general themes. General themes and perspectives in a chain and interrelationship including organizational networking capacities in the development of sports tourism, organizational ecosystem challenges in the development of sports tourism, inter-organizational networking strategies in sports tourism, alignment of organizational networking levels. in sports tourism, the processes of inter-organizational networking in sports tourism and the functions of the organizational network in the development of sports tourism. Based on the findings of the research, it can be said that if sports and non-sports organizations participate in sports tourism plans and programs, it will improve their social image and play their role in the field of sports.
Research Paper
Sport International Relations
mina bagheri; Morteza Dousti; Mahboubeh Abedi
Abstract
The purpose of this research was The conceptual framework of the function of diplomacy and soft power based on sports in Iran's national brand. The research method was qualitative using grounded theory, which was done in three stages: open coding, central coding, and selective coding. The statistical ...
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The purpose of this research was The conceptual framework of the function of diplomacy and soft power based on sports in Iran's national brand. The research method was qualitative using grounded theory, which was done in three stages: open coding, central coding, and selective coding. The statistical population of the research was 12 people who were experts on the issue of sports washing, soft power, which continued until the theoretical saturation of the interview was reached. The sampling method was purposeful and snowball. In order to measure the reliability of the research, intra-subject agreement was used, which was reported as 73%. Considering that it was higher than 60%, the reliability of coding was confirmed. The results of the research showed the image and accreditation, the requirements and importance of sports communication, the capabilities of sports diplomacy, needs and expectations, sports infrastructure, etc., human resources and... (background conditions), managers' attitude and thinking, structural and process barriers, political issues, economic issues, cultural factors and... (intervening conditions), education and culture building, internal and external organizational interactions, management strategic, research and innovation, cultural development of sports teams and hosting international events and... (strategies) and finally the development of peace, friendship and security, cultural and social achievements, development of championship and professional sports, development of sports infrastructure, development of international interactions, reduction of political isolation and economic sanctions, etc. (consequences), were among the most important research variables from the point of view of specialists and experts.
Research Paper
Sports Media
ehsan piri ataie; mirhasan seyedameri; mohsen behnam; aboalfazl farahani
Abstract
The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the interaction of artificial intelligence and strategic management in the future of Iran's sports industry. This research is applied, survey and exploratory and qualitative approach is based on thematic analysis. The participants ...
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The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the interaction of artificial intelligence and strategic management in the future of Iran's sports industry. This research is applied, survey and exploratory and qualitative approach is based on thematic analysis. The participants of the research were 22 experts in the strategic management and artificial intelligence and professors of sports management who were selected in purposeful and criteria-oriented manner until the research structures reached the level of theoretical saturation. In this research, semi-structured interviews were used to collect information, and for data analysis, thematic analysis method was used with Attride-Stirling (2001) approach. The results of the research showed that the interaction of artificial intelligence and strategic management in the future of the Iran's sports industry is influenced by the two themes of the presence of artificial intelligence related to sports in Iran and the platforms for the adoption of artificial intelligence is in the strategic management of sports and the place of artificial intelligence in the future of strategic management of sports can be seen in four dimensions include the place of artificial intelligence in analysis and investigation, formation of strategy, implementation of strategy and evaluation and control were imagined. Therefore, if the managers and officials of the Iran's sports provide the preparations for the presence of artificial intelligence in the sports as well as the platforms for its adoption, then artificial intelligence can have a high position in the various aspects of the strategic management of Iran's sports industry.
Research Paper
Sports Media
MAHBOUBEH Naghavi
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of mass media in the development of women's championship sports. The research employed an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design for data collection. The qualitative part of the research was conducted using the grounded theory method. The statistical ...
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The present study aimed to investigate the role of mass media in the development of women's championship sports. The research employed an exploratory sequential mixed-methods design for data collection. The qualitative part of the research was conducted using the grounded theory method. The statistical population in this section included media experts with university teaching experience or those engaged in sports and media, specialists in sports promotion through media, sports program producers, policymakers and sports consultants from the national broadcasting organization, and experts in women's sports. Participants were selected through non-probability sampling and the snowball technique. The sampling continued until theoretical saturation was reached, resulting in a sample of 19 participants. In the quantitative part, the research adopted a descriptive-survey design based on data collection method. The statistical sample in the quantitative section comprised 120 participants, including professional female athletes, coaches, sports managers, sports sociologists, and sports media experts. They were selected using a stratified random sampling method. The research tools included semi-structured interviews in the qualitative part and a researcher-developed questionnaire in the quantitative part. The face and content validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by university professors while its reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which turned out to be 0.844 (α = 0.844). In the qualitative part, the data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding methods. In the quantitative part, exploratory factor analysis followed by confirmatory factor analysis was employed to examine the structural model of the research variables and evaluate the research model.
Research Paper
Sport Advertising
Mirsardar Rezvani; Mohammadrahim Najafzadeh; jafar barghi moghaddam; hamid janani
Abstract
The present research was conducted with the aim of designing an internet marketing model based on understanding of technology acceptance in attracting sports tourists. This research is descriptive-survey and applied. The statistical population included sports tourists who had chosen East Azerbaijan province ...
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The present research was conducted with the aim of designing an internet marketing model based on understanding of technology acceptance in attracting sports tourists. This research is descriptive-survey and applied. The statistical population included sports tourists who had chosen East Azerbaijan province as their sports tourism destination during 2022, and their number was around 3600 people, based on Cochran's formula and with non-probability and accessible sampling method, the sample size was obtained 347 people. To collect data, Davis' technology acceptance questionnaire (1989), Ramzanian's Internet marketing (2013) and Gibb's customer acquisition (2005) were used. In order to analyze the data, Pearson's correlation, structural equation modeling and Sobel were used in SPSS and Amos software at a significance level of 0.05. The results of the research showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between internet marketing, understanding of technology acceptance and tourist attraction (p<0.05), the research model has a good fit and internet marketing (p=0.001; t=7.69) and the understanding of technology acceptance (p=0.001; t=9.01) on attracting tourists and the understanding of technology acceptance also has a positive and significant effect on internet marketing (p=0.001; t=9.70) and internet marketing plays a mediating role in the impact of the perception of technology acceptance on the attraction of sports tourists (p=0.001; t=7.86). Therefore, if the increase in the understanding of the usefulness and ease of using technology by tourists is accompanied by the use of appropriate internet marketing by the marketers of the sports tourism industry, sports tourists will increase day by day.
Research Paper
Sports Media
ayyob soory; shahram shafiee; Hossein brakhas
Abstract
The aim of the current research was to investigate the role of social networks in the team identity of fans of Iran's Premier League football teams with the mediating role of controlling team corruption. This research was quantitative and its approach was correlational. The statistical population ...
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The aim of the current research was to investigate the role of social networks in the team identity of fans of Iran's Premier League football teams with the mediating role of controlling team corruption. This research was quantitative and its approach was correlational. The statistical population of the present study included all the fans of the Premier League football teams. The sample size was estimated to be 270 using Haier et al.'s approach, and to ensure reliability, 300 questionnaires were collected, of which 272 questionnaires were fully answered and analyzed. The random sampling method was simple. The measurement tools of the research included three questionnaires of social networks (Jahanbani, 2017), reduction of team corruption (Zare et al., 2015) and team identity (Shojaei et al., 2016), which content and form validity were confirmed (12 people). In this research, frequency, mean, standard deviation and multiple regression (structural equations) tests were used for data analysis with the help of SPSS and SmartPLS3 software. The results showed that social networks (0.57) and team corruption control (0.42) had a significant effect on the fans' team identity, and social networks (0.64) had a significant effect on corruption control. The findings indicated that sports teams can establish disciplinary systems to encourage or punish players, formulate efficient rules and regulations in league transfers, prevent corruption in the process of recruiting players, and provide transparent facilities to players and team managers. provide the ground for team identification of sports fans.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Rezgar Pourmarouf; Ali Afrouzeh
Abstract
In this research, the researchers investigated achievements and social interaction, both of which were the main elements of the Strava gamified application, emphasizing the theory of purposeful behavior. Therefore, the aim of the research was the effect of gamification elements and social interaction ...
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In this research, the researchers investigated achievements and social interaction, both of which were the main elements of the Strava gamified application, emphasizing the theory of purposeful behavior. Therefore, the aim of the research was the effect of gamification elements and social interaction on the promotion of physical activity of Iranian users. In terms of nature, the current research was a descriptive research of the correlation type. The community was users of the gamified Strava application who had at least one year of familiarity with the Strava application and actively used this application to track their physical activity during the day. The measurement tool included the questionnaire of theory of purposeful behavior, social interaction and gamification achievements. In order to analyze the data and measure the direct and indirect effectiveness of variables, structural equation modeling was used in pls4 software. According to the findings, the mental norm and predicted excitement have a positive and significant effect on the behavioral desire of users in promoting physical activity. Therefore, it can be concluded that the attitude as a pleasant feeling in this study strengthened the behavioral desire of the users. However, gamification in today's information network space as a catalyst can cause the start and continuation of healthy behavior among Iranian societies. By combining virtual space and physical activity tracking, Strava application users were able to show their abilities in a challenging and competitive environment and be a good incentive for other users and publish their daily results in their account.
Research Paper
Sport Advertising
Mehdi Fetili; shahram gholamrezaei; Siyavash Khodaparast
Abstract
This research was conducted with the aim of designing the brand development model of the Khuzestan football team. For this purpose, 13 people were selected from the statistical population of university professors in the field of marketing management, sports management, football club managers of Khuzestan ...
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This research was conducted with the aim of designing the brand development model of the Khuzestan football team. For this purpose, 13 people were selected from the statistical population of university professors in the field of marketing management, sports management, football club managers of Khuzestan Football Club who had experiences, publications and scientific research works in the field of branding by snowball sampling method. Also, 250 people were randomly selected from among the spectators and supporters of Khuzestan Football Club from the crowd present at the stadium during the football match and participated in the research. Qualitative data collection tools were interviews and thematic analysis, and a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data. The obtained qualitative data were analyzed by thematic analysis and fuzzy Delphi method to identify the indicators of the brand development model of Foulad Club. After the design of the conceptual model, the small data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and the development model of the magnificent Khuzestan Steel brand was obtained. MAXQDA, SPSS and AMOS version 21 software were used for statistical analysis of data. The results showed that the development of the Khuzestan Steel Club brand can be tracked in 7 main areas of internal factors, external factors, fans, facilities/equipment, organization/management, coaches/technical, performance/results and with 44 indicators, and based on the results of path analysis of the equations A special model structure was designed for the development of the Khuzestan Steel Club brand
Research Paper
Sport Communication
Saad Ghazi Gasan; Alireza Zamani Nukaabadi; alaa Fahayyih Jawad; Khosro Jalali
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the lived experiences of various stakeholders in the Iraqi football industry in evaluating the relationship between communication literacy and their quality of life. This qualitative study employed a descriptive phenomenological approach. Key stakeholders included ...
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The aim of this study was to analyze the lived experiences of various stakeholders in the Iraqi football industry in evaluating the relationship between communication literacy and their quality of life. This qualitative study employed a descriptive phenomenological approach. Key stakeholders included fans, athletes, coaches, referees, senior and operational managers of the Iraqi Football Federation, managers and experts from professional football clubs, Asian and global football federations, media, sponsors, and active companies in the Iraqi football industry. A total of 20 participants were purposively selected for this study. For data interpretation and analysis, a seven-step Colaizzi method was used to generate categories and subcategories. The research findings revealed five main factors impacting stakeholders' quality of life: inadequate fundamental skills, appropriate awareness of interaction dimensions, social support and overall life satisfaction, low analytical thinking, and diverse attitudes. The findings indicate that some stakeholders face inadequate fundamental skills and low analytical thinking, which may lead to a decrease in their quality of life. Conversely, appropriate awareness of interaction dimensions and positive social support contribute to improved overall life satisfaction. Additionally, the diverse attitudes toward communication literacy impact suggest that some groups have not yet fully grasped its effects. Overall, this research highlights the need for enhancing communication literacy and raising awareness among football stakeholders, recommending the development of educational and supportive programs to improve communication skills and increase awareness of its positive effects on quality of life.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Mohamad Javad Velayati; Mina Hakakzadeh; Salman Soltaninejad
Abstract
The aim of this research was to develop a media support model for multi-grade physical education classes in underprivileged areas. This qualitative study employed a thematic analysis approach. The study's population consisted of experts in sports management, media professionals, national education ...
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The aim of this research was to develop a media support model for multi-grade physical education classes in underprivileged areas. This qualitative study employed a thematic analysis approach. The study's population consisted of experts in sports management, media professionals, national education administrators, physical education managers from underprivileged areas with over five years of managerial experience, and elementary school teachers from underprivileged areas and multi-grade classes with more than ten years of teaching experience and holding master's or doctoral degrees. Nineteen participants were selected through purposive sampling. The research instrument was an exploratory semi-structured interview. The validity of the instrument was assessed and confirmed based on sample credibility, expert opinions, and inter-rater agreement. Thematic analysis was conducted using the method proposed by Attride-Stirling (2001). The comprehensive thematic analysis and network mapping, incorporating expert opinions and theoretical foundations, identified three influential factors on media support for multi-grade physical education classes in underprivileged areas: individual, organizational, and macro-level factors. Overall, the findings suggest that improving the quality of physical education in multi-grade classes in underprivileged areas and optimizing media support requires simultaneous attention to these three levels. Implementing suitable educational and promotional programs, enhancing infrastructure and equipment, and developing supportive policies and strategies are essential actions to achieve this goal.
Research Paper
Sport Communication
Maziyar Faridkhomami; mohammad sanaei; Saied Amirnejad
Abstract
Nowadays, social media communication management is one of the vital aspects of planning in sports communities. These networks have a widespread impact on shaping people's attitudes and behaviors. Therefore, the present study was conducted to develop an effective model for managing social media communications ...
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Nowadays, social media communication management is one of the vital aspects of planning in sports communities. These networks have a widespread impact on shaping people's attitudes and behaviors. Therefore, the present study was conducted to develop an effective model for managing social media communications with a positive flow approach in the sports community. The research method was qualitative with a grounded theory approach, using semi-structured in-depth interviews with 16 experts. The experts included professors and researchers in media management and sports media at universities, expert specialists in public relations and communications in sports organizations, and managers and specialists of sports media centers. Sampling was done by purposeful sampling method and using the snowball method. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method. Interview coding was done using MAXQDA2020 software. Lincoln and Guba's (1985) evaluation criteria, including credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability, were used to assess the quality and validation of the qualitative results in the present study. The factors of social media communication management with a positive flow approach in the sports community included three dimensions: media infrastructure development (4 indicators), promotion of media culture (2 indicators), and management of media flow creation (5 indicators). Using a positive flow approach on social networks, communication management in the sports community can be improved and create a sense of participation and trust among members of the sports community.
Research Paper
Sport International Relations
hossein mohamadiJame; shahab bahrami; hamid ghasemi
Abstract
This study aims to identify the factors influencing the enhancement of international reputation through sports success, using a mixed-methods approach (qualitative and quantitative). The qualitative component employed thematic analysis, while the quantitative component utilized structural equation modeling. ...
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This study aims to identify the factors influencing the enhancement of international reputation through sports success, using a mixed-methods approach (qualitative and quantitative). The qualitative component employed thematic analysis, while the quantitative component utilized structural equation modeling. The study population in the qualitative phase included experts in political science and sports management, and in the quantitative phase, it consisted of professors, graduates, and graduate students in physical education across the country. The sample size for the qualitative phase, reached after theoretical saturation, was 12 individuals, and for the quantitative phase, it was 371 individuals. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS version 24.
In the qualitative phase, seven factors were identified as influential in enhancing international reputation through sports success. The quantitative phase revealed that six of these factors had significant effects, prioritized as follows: sports development, international participation, political-media support, economic factors, managerial requirements, and facilities and equipment, with only the environmental factor not showing a significant effect. Therefore, it is recommended that national authorities focus on the identified factors, particularly on developing sports and increasing international participation, and utilize sports diplomacy as a key tool to enhance the country’s international reputation. These actions could improve the global image and support the achievement of the country's foreign policy objectives.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Tahereh Mokhtabadi; Zayalabedin Falah; Asra Asgari
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop an ethics-based model for managing media crises in cultural and sports organizations of municipalities. This qualitative research employed a thematic analysis approach. The statistical population of this study included sports management professors active in the research ...
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The aim of this study was to develop an ethics-based model for managing media crises in cultural and sports organizations of municipalities. This qualitative research employed a thematic analysis approach. The statistical population of this study included sports management professors active in the research subject, media domain professors, public relations managers of cultural and sports organizations in selected municipal centers, managers of cultural and sports organizations of municipalities (with at least 5 years of management experience, in provincial centers, and holding a doctoral degree), and distinguished and elite employees of cultural and sports organizations of municipalities (with more than 10 years of experience, holding a master’s or doctoral degree, having sports backgrounds, and high scores in annual evaluations) selected through purposive sampling (18 participants). The research tool was an exploratory (semi-structured) interview. The validity of the tool was assessed and confirmed based on sample validity, expert opinion, and inter-rater agreement.To analyze the findings, the thematic analysis method proposed by Attride-Stirling (2001) and MaxQDA Pro software was used. The results of comprehensive thematic analysis and the creation of a thematic network, utilizing the opinions of the experts participating in the study and theoretical foundations, revealed that the three comprehensive themes of planning, organizing and coordination, and human resources, along with three organizing themes, are among the dimensions of ethics-based management of media crises in cultural and sports organizations of municipalities. Overall, this research emphasized the importance of ethics-based management and attention to human dimensions in managing media crises in cultural .
Research Paper
Sports Media
Maria Morahemi; Sepideh Qatnian; Zohreh Afsharmand; Zahra Chahar Baghi
Abstract
The present research was designed and implemented with the aim of connecting the use of social media and human capital with the mediating role of human resources risk in the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The current research is a descriptive research which, from the point of view of the objective, is ...
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The present research was designed and implemented with the aim of connecting the use of social media and human capital with the mediating role of human resources risk in the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The current research is a descriptive research which, from the point of view of the objective, is one of the applied researches that was carried out in the field. The current research method is a survey in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the current research includes employees working in the Ministry of Sports and Youth (901 people) (sample 269 people based on Morgan's table). The sampling method was random and the questionnaires were distributed in person and virtually, and finally 248 correct questionnaires were returned. The index of KMO test measures the adequacy of sampling and the value of 0.79 was obtained for this test. In order to determine the objectives of the research, 3 standard questionnaires of human resource risk, media consumption and human capital were used. The reliability and validity of all three questionnaires were confirmed. Structural equation method was used to examine the data of this research. The entire process of research analysis was done in SPS version 24 and PLS version 4 software. The results of this research showed that media consumption (effect=0.697; t=10.622) and human resource risk (effect=0.299; t=3.878) have a significant effect on human capital. The results also showed that media consumption (effect=0.311; t=4.219) has a significant effect on human resource risk.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Shahriyar Yosefi; Akram Esfahani; Mojtaba Ahmadi; MohamadAli Nodehi
Abstract
The aim of this research was to present a model for media reputation development in event-centric sports organizations with emphasis on reception theory. The study adopted a qualitative approach with thematic analysis. The population of the study included three groups: university professors (who had ...
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The aim of this research was to present a model for media reputation development in event-centric sports organizations with emphasis on reception theory. The study adopted a qualitative approach with thematic analysis. The population of the study included three groups: university professors (who had conducted at least two research studies in media or sports media), public relations managers of sports organizations (with more than 5 years of experience), and managers of event-centric sports organizations (with more than 5 years of management experience), selected through purposive sampling (19 participants). The research tool consisted of semi-structured exploratory interviews. The validity of the tool was assessed based on sample credibility, expert opinions, and agreement among evaluators. The thematic analysis method with the proposed Etterid-Sterling (2001) approach and MaxQDA Pro software were used for data analysis. The results of thematic analysis and the construction of a thematic network, based on expert opinions of participants in the research and theoretical foundations, revealed that four themes including organizational content, managerial, human resources, and stakeholders constitute the components of the media reputation development model in event-centric sports organizations with emphasis on reception theory. This model not only helps enhance organizational media reputation but also attracts more audiences, financial supporters, and improves sports and organizational performance. Utilizing reception theory as a theoretical framework enables organizations to design and present their media messages in a way that aligns with the cultural and social backgrounds of their audience, thereby achieving greater impact.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Alamdar Hosseinzadeh; Alireza zamani Nukaabadi; Ahmadreza Aski
Abstract
The present research was designed and implemented with the aim of structural model of factors affecting the development of service to Nesl Z customers in Iran's sports industry.The current research is one of the mixed researches that was conducted in the form of qualitative and quantitative methods ...
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The present research was designed and implemented with the aim of structural model of factors affecting the development of service to Nesl Z customers in Iran's sports industry.The current research is one of the mixed researches that was conducted in the form of qualitative and quantitative methods and according to its application in organizational environments, it is among applied researches.The fuzzy Delphi method was used in the qualitative part and the interpretive structural modeling method was used in the quantitative part. The method of data collection in the present research was field-based. The statistical population of the present study included experts who are knowledgeable about the subject of the research. In order to identify these samples, the purposeful sampling method was used. Finally, 15 people were identified as the research sample. In other words, according to the nature of the quantitative research method (interpretive structural modeling) that requires experts and people knowledgeable about the research topic; therefore, the statistical population of the research was the same in the qualitative and quantitative part. The tool for collecting the current research in the qualitative part is a semi-structured interview. In the quantitative analysis part of the research, the ISM and Mic Mak methods were used. The results of the research showed that the factors affecting the development of service to new generation customers in Iran's sports industry include the competitive environment, diversity of interests, the position of sports, favorable attitudes, environmental scanning, technical systems, database, excellence of the sports industry, related aspects.
Research Paper
Sport International Relations
Mehdi Paran; Mohammadsadegh Afrozeh; ebrahim khoshnam; Hossein Zareian
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a conceptual framework for the growth of Iranian sports industry companies on an international and multinational scale. This qualitative research employed a thematic analysis approach. The study population included academic experts (university professors) and industry executives ...
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This study aimed to develop a conceptual framework for the growth of Iranian sports industry companies on an international and multinational scale. This qualitative research employed a thematic analysis approach. The study population included academic experts (university professors) and industry executives (organizational managers and corporate professionals) within the research domain. The sample size, determined based on theoretical saturation, was selected using the snowball sampling method (16participants). Data were collected through semi-structured (guided) interviews. The validity of the findings was stablished through the professional competence of the interviews, content validity of the interview framework, and coding reliability (inter-rater agreement 0.73, assessed by two expert researchers). Data analysis was conducted using a four-step coding process aligned with the research methodology. The results revealed a conceptual framework comprising four overarching themes, ten primary themes, 47 sub-themes, and 164 core concepts. The overarching themes included global positioning for multinational sports businesses, the foundation for internationalization within the national economy and sports industry, capacity-building for adopting a multinational approach in domestic sports companies, and the mechanisms and functions driving the growth of multinational sports companies. The findings suggest that the growth of multinational companies in the sports industry hinges on understanding international and domestic environmental factors, coupled with capacity-building and internationalization of business systems in sports enterprises. It is recommended that the proposed framework be utilized to design and implement corporate business models on an international and multinational scale across academic, governmental, industrial, and media sectors within the national sports landscape.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Maral Habibi; Hossein Eydi
Abstract
Today, more than ever in history, we are witnessing significant transformations in the field of technology and information. The Metaverse, or beyond the world, is an emerging technology that creates opportunities and challenges by combining the virtual and real worlds. Given the importance of the topic, ...
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Today, more than ever in history, we are witnessing significant transformations in the field of technology and information. The Metaverse, or beyond the world, is an emerging technology that creates opportunities and challenges by combining the virtual and real worlds. Given the importance of the topic, this research was conducted under the title "Identification of Challenges and Opportunities in the Metaverse in the Sports Domain." The research design is qualitative (Glaserian approach), and the population of the study includes professors and sports experts who are knowledgeable about the subject. Semi-structured interviews were used as a tool to identify indicators. The validity of the research tool (interview) was examined by the interviewee and then by professors and experts. The reliability was measured using the intra-subject agreement method, and the data were analyzed using the grounded theory approach. The findings indicated that challenges include laws and regulations, science and knowledge, motivation, support and sponsorship, competitive advantage, advertising and sales, and management. Opportunities encompass education, communications, marketing, fan engagement, sports activities, tourism, and sports analysis. A practical solution for managing challenges and leveraging opportunities in the Metaverse space in sports is the formulation and implementation of a standardized policy for laws and regulations in this space. This policy can be tailored to the characteristics and needs of this space and communicated to all participants and stakeholders in the Metaverse environment..
Research Paper
Sport Advertising
mehdi rahimi afshar; Hamid Ghasemi; Masoumeh Hosseini; Saeed Jafari
Abstract
. This research in terms of purpose was applied; in terms of data collection, it was descriptive and correlational studies and specifically based on structural equation model. The statistical population of this study included graduate students of sports management in Tehran state universities, experts ...
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. This research in terms of purpose was applied; in terms of data collection, it was descriptive and correlational studies and specifically based on structural equation model. The statistical population of this study included graduate students of sports management in Tehran state universities, experts of Tehran Municipality Sports Organization, and the General Boards of Tehran Province who worked in the field of sports marketing and public sports. Random sampling method was available and to the sample Proportionate to the size of the community which was unlimited and based on Krejcie and Morgan table, 384 people were selected as the sample and the same number of questionnaires were distributed among the statistical population. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection, which was designed based on Lee and Park (2007) "Integrated Marketing Communication" questionnaire, "Integrated Marketing Communication Causal Model Test" (IMC) questionnaire, and Questionnaire "Consumer purchase Behavior" Izadparast (2019). The factual and content validity of the research tools was confirmed by a group of professors and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. According to the results of one-sample t-test, all variables of integrated marketing communication including advertising (t = 5.70), promotion (t = 4.309), personal selling (t = 13.40), direct marketing (t = 10.03) had a positive and significant role in the development of public sports, but the variable of public relations (t = 0.829) had no significant relationship.
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