Sport Communication
Hossein Poursoltani Zarandi
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to analyze self-knowledge and other-knowledge (Jo-Hari window) of the employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Alborz province. The statistical population of this research was made up of the employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of ...
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The purpose of this research was to analyze self-knowledge and other-knowledge (Jo-Hari window) of the employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Alborz province. The statistical population of this research was made up of the employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Alborz province (N = 129). Using Morgan's table, the number of statistical samples was estimated to be 97 tons, which were selected as available sampling. The research method is applied and of the analytical type, which was implemented in the field. In order to collect data, a 20-question questionnaire by Joseph Luft (1992) was used. Statistical methods include descriptive indices, graphic evaluation of self and others, and inferential analyzes including one-sample t-tests and independent t-tests, and one-way analysis of variance to compare the dependent variable based on qualitative demographic variables and with the help of Excel, SPSS and Stata software. The results showed that 27.80 and 28.5 were obtained from the total score of 50 related to providing feedback and willingness to disclose. In other words, the average level of 25, each of the 2 mentioned factors has a slight increasing trend and thus the level of the unknown house has decreased very little. There is a significant difference in the willingness to disclose factor based on gender, so men had higher average scores. Also, the results showed that there is no significant difference between the employees in the factor of providing feedback and willingness to disclose based on educational qualification.
Sport Communication
Mohsen Esfahani; Parivash Nourbakhsh; Syeed Namat Khalife; Hossein Abdulmalki
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of the current research was to investigate the causal relationship between satisfaction with the quality of virtual learning and the academic performance of graduate physical education students in the northwestern provinces of the country during the Corona era through engagement as a ...
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Abstract
The aim of the current research was to investigate the causal relationship between satisfaction with the quality of virtual learning and the academic performance of graduate physical education students in the northwestern provinces of the country during the Corona era through engagement as a mediator. This research was correlation type with structural equation modeling approach. The statistical population of graduate students of physical education in northwest universities of the country was formed (N=283) and the sample size was 163 selected according to Morgan's table by stratified sampling. Three Questionnaires were used to investigate the research variables. The validity of the research questionnaires was done first by using the opinion of experts to check the content validity. Then reliability was evaluated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Finally, the construct validity was evaluated based on model fit indices in PLS modeling software. Based on path analysis, it was found that satisfaction with the quality of virtual learning has a causal relationship with academic performance. The results showed that the variable of satisfaction with quality of virtual learning through the mediation of engagement has a significant relationship with perceived academic performance and mediation relationship was confirmed. It can be concluded that in order to be satisfied with the quality of virtual learning and also to increase the academic performance of graduate students of physical education, professors should use educational planning and new virtual methods for teaching,while the engagement of students in learning and being active in virtual classes will be facilitate and helpful.
Sport Communication
Mehri Sadat Nazari; Majid Soleimani; GholamReza Khaksar
Abstract
The present study was designed and implemented with the aim of determining the effect of entertainment in organizational leisure programs on the productivity of virtual activities of the employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth with the role of mediator of mental health. The current research was ...
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The present study was designed and implemented with the aim of determining the effect of entertainment in organizational leisure programs on the productivity of virtual activities of the employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth with the role of mediator of mental health. The current research was descriptive-survey in terms of its practical purpose, in terms of the method of data collection, which was mixed based on the research approach. The statistical population of the present research in the qualitative part included experts in the field of sports management who had the necessary experience and knowledge regarding the subject of the research. In the quantitative part of the statistical community, there were 965 employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth in 1400. In order to estimate and select the statistical sample size, the number of 275 people was determined from the table of Karjesi and Morgan (1970). The random sampling method was simple. In order to examine the data of the qualitative part, open and axial coding was used, and in the quantitative part, the method of structural equation modeling was used. The results of the structural equation analysis showed that entertainment in organizational leisure programs had a 53% effect on employee productivity of virtual activities and 44% on mental health. Mental health had a 40% impact on employee productivity of virtual activities. Also, Farah Bakshi has had a 71% effect on employee productivity of virtual activities in organizational leisure programs, with the role of mental health mediator.
Sport Communication
Mandana Ostad; Taybeh Sadat Zargar
Abstract
Electronic sports players need communication skills in order to deal with stress and coping strategies and improve their mental toughness. Therefore, the upcoming research aims at the role of stress and coping strategies in electronic sports players. It was done on mental toughness with the mediating ...
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Electronic sports players need communication skills in order to deal with stress and coping strategies and improve their mental toughness. Therefore, the upcoming research aims at the role of stress and coping strategies in electronic sports players. It was done on mental toughness with the mediating role of communication skills. The current research is descriptive of the correlation type and based on structural equation modeling, and in terms of its purpose, it was part of applied research. The statistical population includes all Iranian e-sports players in FIFA, football and dota fields who have more than 4 years of experience. The estimated number of these people is 1000 people, which according to Morgan's table, 278 people were considered. The sampling method was considered random. The measurement tools included the questionnaires of perceived stress by Cohen et al. (1983), coping skills by Smith et al. (1995), mental toughness by Clough et al. (1982), and communication skills by Barton (1990). In order to analyze the collected data, descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used. In the descriptive statistics section, frequency and relative frequency of the demographic characteristics of research participants, mean and standard deviation were used. The results showed that stress and coping strategies have a positive and significant effect on communication skills and mental toughness, as well as communication skills on mental toughness.
Sport Communication
SARA SERAJ; mehdi sabzevari
Abstract
E-sport including online and offline sport activities and classes have been developed increasingly in the last decade. Several researches have been done in his area to analyze and improve sport training and education via distance learning by different applications. One of the main reasons for this rapid ...
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E-sport including online and offline sport activities and classes have been developed increasingly in the last decade. Several researches have been done in his area to analyze and improve sport training and education via distance learning by different applications. One of the main reasons for this rapid growth is due to COVID period which restricted most normal activities to online ones. E-sport could be studied in two categories: one is computer sport games and the other is teaching and training sport by camera and applications. This research is about the second category or distance sport. E-sport has been studied from different aspects in the recent years including, cultural, economic, social and political dimensions. This research will apply findings of a cognitive theory namely Conceptual Integration Network(CIN) to the analysis of E-sport to find out about the possible efficiency of cognitive awareness for E-sport coaches and managers. There are some basic relations suggested in CIN by which an analysis of different aspects of distance sport can be implemented. After data collections from the respondents who are trainers in distance sport training in Tehran, an analysis was made correspondent to CIN inputs and output and also based on the vital relations in distance sport. The main question of this interdisciplinary research is that if CIN analysis can be applicable to the improvement of E-sport cognitive knowledge and education.
Sport Communication
shafagh Abolghasemi Atany; Maysam Rahimizadeh; Amir Hossein Monazami
Abstract
ABSTRACTIn the dynamic and competitive world of the sports industry in Iran, electronic commerce has emerged as a prominent and novel tool for the transformation and improvement of marketing processes with artificial intelligence. Accordingly, this research delves into the role of these innovative patterns ...
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ABSTRACTIn the dynamic and competitive world of the sports industry in Iran, electronic commerce has emerged as a prominent and novel tool for the transformation and improvement of marketing processes with artificial intelligence. Accordingly, this research delves into the role of these innovative patterns in the development of the sports industry in Iran and the creation of new opportunities for businesses in this field.This study is application-oriented and employs a qualitative approach with content analysis. Interviews were conducted as the primary data collection method, involving 12 participants who are experts in the fields of sports and marketing. According to the research findings, the implications include cost reduction, improved human resource management, enhanced performance, better planning and budget management, accelerated employment generation, achieving targeted planning, effective customer communication, practical use in biomechanics and kinesiology, development of universal and championship sports, broad market access, diversity, speed in selection, increased sales, transitioning from knowledge to artificial intelligence-driven wisdom. The study also provides practical recommendations based on the research results.
Sport Communication
majid bahrami; Mina Mostahfezian; mahnaz marvi
Abstract
The aim of the current research was to investigate the lived experience of the key stakeholders of the Iranian Liver Federation in the problem of understanding and applying communication literacy, which was done with a qualitative method and a phenomenological strategy. Using purposive sampling, 17 main ...
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The aim of the current research was to investigate the lived experience of the key stakeholders of the Iranian Liver Federation in the problem of understanding and applying communication literacy, which was done with a qualitative method and a phenomenological strategy. Using purposive sampling, 17 main stakeholders were selected as participants. The method of data collection was semi-structured interview. This research used Husserl's descriptive phenomenological perspective. To analyze the answers to the open questions, the data analysis method of Colaizi (1978) was used. Data storage and management were done using NVivo 11.0 software. Based on the analysis, five main domains or themes were obtained, which are: 1- limited understanding of communication literacy; 2- not very suitable state of developmental competence; 3- Existence of digital divide; 4- Computational thinking lower than expected and 5- Limited knowledge of communication levels. It was found that the main beneficiaries of liver sports are in a good position in terms of understanding communication literacy, but this correct understanding has not led to the application and application of communication literacy in them. It was suggested to create development programs for formative skills such as development of formative skills, critical thinking, problem solving, and algorithmic thinking, promoting the importance of formative skills through promotion, information transfer and training to other stakeholders and related people. These resources should be available to all key stakeholders.
Sport Communication
mojtaba ghorbany asiabar; Hamid Ghasemi
Abstract
The current research was conducted in order to design a model of brand community (sports) as a tool to improve social capital in management using combined method with a sequential exploratory approach. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, qualitative data was collected and analyzed in ...
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The current research was conducted in order to design a model of brand community (sports) as a tool to improve social capital in management using combined method with a sequential exploratory approach. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, qualitative data was collected and analyzed in the first stage, and quantitative data was collected and analyzed in the second stage. The investigated community of this research in the qualitative part consists of 15 experts and elites, and in the quantitative part, there are 326 post-graduate researchers of the sports management (branding) branch of universities and scientific institutions across the country with geographical (regional) distribution between 2022-2023. To collect data, the coding method was used to arrive at a standard questionnaire. Research data were analyzed through structural equation modeling based on covariance. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between brand knowledge, brand satisfaction, brand identification, brand loyalty, brand image, and brand community, and relationships, values, trust, and commitment have a significant relationship with social capital, as well as between brand community and social capital. There is a strong relationship. Therefore, we conclude that the brand community model as a tool for promoting social capital in management is a new and efficient approach that has a significant effect on improving the performance of organizations and creating value for the target society. By using the brand community model, organizations will be able to improve their identity, values, and public image and establish effective communication with their customers.
Sport Communication
Morad Roumiani; Seyed Mohammad Hossein Razavi; Rasool Norouzi Seyed Hossini; Morteza Dousti
Abstract
The aim of this research is to analyze the role of gender in the psychological characteristics of Iranian gamers.The research method is descriptive-analytical which was conducted in the field.The statisticalpopulationof the present study consistsof Iranian gamers.Questionnaireswill be distributed among ...
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The aim of this research is to analyze the role of gender in the psychological characteristics of Iranian gamers.The research method is descriptive-analytical which was conducted in the field.The statisticalpopulationof the present study consistsof Iranian gamers.Questionnaireswill be distributed among the research samples from the available sampling method and in the form of online distribution.ThedatacollectiontoolwasademographicformandDASS-21stress-anxiety-depression questionnaire.In order to analyze the data,descriptive statistics and Levin's test (checking the equality of variances of the research variables)were used.Thetwo-way analysis of variance test was used to investigate the gender psychological characteristics of male and female gamers. Based on the results,it can be said that there is a significant difference between the average depression of the two groups of men and womenbasedontheamountofparticipation(timeplayed perweek)(Sig=0.002,F=4,510=4.198);In other words, gender and the amount of participation have a significant effect on the level of depression of people.Also,the results show that there is a significant difference between the average anxiety of the twogroupsofmenandwomenbased on the amount of participation(timeplayedperweek)(Sig=0.003,004/4=(4,510)F).Thismeans that genderand the level of participation have a significant effect on the level of anxietyat the same time.Based on the results of the two-way analysis of variance,itwas observed that there is a significant difference between the average stress of the research samples of the two groups of men and women based on the amount of participation(timeplayedperweek)(Sig=0.013,(4=3.197)F,510). The finding means that genderand the level of participation have a significant effect on the level of stress of peopleat the sametime. Therefore, the eSports Association should strive to create a safe and healthy environment for all players.
Sport Communication
Amir Hossein Labbaf; Mohsen Vahdani
Abstract
This qualitative study investigates artificial intelligence dimensions in the field of sports science. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 experts active in the fields of media and communication, artificial intelligence, and sports science through targeted and snowball sampling. Conducting ...
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This qualitative study investigates artificial intelligence dimensions in the field of sports science. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 experts active in the fields of media and communication, artificial intelligence, and sports science through targeted and snowball sampling. Conducting interviews continued until the data reached the theoretical saturation stage. The data extracted from the text of the interviews were analyzed using the theme analysis method. After analyzing and coding the data, three main themes including the opportunities of artificial intelligence in sports science (5 sub-themes and 23 concepts), the threats of artificial intelligence in sports science (6 sub-themes and 21 concepts) and the solutions of intelligence management synthetics were categorized in the field of sports science (8 sub-themes and 24 concepts). In total, the identified dimensions were categorized into 3 main themes, 19 sub-themes and 68 concepts. To empower professors, students, and university employees, it is suggested to hold artificial intelligence courses that include the functions and threats of this technology. In addition, the educational and research policies of universities should be reviewed based on the introduction of this technology.
Sport Communication
Hossein Karim Abbas
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of perceived social responsibility on brand equity with the mediating role of team identification and online community identification in Iraqi Naft al-Wasat futsal team fans. The present research was applied in terms of objective and in terms of ...
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The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of perceived social responsibility on brand equity with the mediating role of team identification and online community identification in Iraqi Naft al-Wasat futsal team fans. The present research was applied in terms of objective and in terms of method was of correlation type. The statistical population of the research was formed by the fans of Iraq's Naft al-Wasat futsal team who were members of online virtual groups or online fan communities. According to Mueller's optimal sample size rule, 277 fans participated in the research as a sample. The data collection tool was Kim and Manoli's (2022) standard questionnaires of perceived social responsibility, team identification, online community identification and brand equity. Variance based structural equation model was used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that perceived social responsibility has a positive and significant effect on brand value (β=0.322), team identification (β=0.652) and online community identification (β=0.695). Also, team identification (β=0.315) and online community identification (β=0.311) have a positive and significant effect on brand equity. Finally, the perceived social responsibility has a significant effect on the brand equity with the mediating role of team identification and online community identification in Naft al-Wasat futsal team fans (β=0.422). According to the results of the research, managers of team can increase their level of social responsibility to improve their brand value and strengthen the fans' team identification and fans' identification in the club's online communities.
Sport Communication
Shahzad Sadat Hashemi; Rahim Ramezani nejad; Mehdi Mahmoudi Yekta
Abstract
A B S T R A C T The purpose of this research was to develop a framework for inter-organizational relations in the development of sports tourism. A qualitative research method was chosen with a systematic exploratory approach. The statistical population of the research included two parts of human resources ...
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A B S T R A C T The purpose of this research was to develop a framework for inter-organizational relations in the development of sports tourism. A qualitative research method was chosen with a systematic exploratory approach. The statistical population of the research included two parts of human resources . Sufficient number of interviewees and information sources were selected purposefully and based on reaching theoretical saturation. The research tool included semi-structured exploratory interviews along with a systematic library study. The validity of the tool was evaluated and confirmed based on the practical merit, legal and scientific validity of the sample, expert opinion and agreement between the correctors. In order to analyze the findings, a multi-stage conceptual coding method (open, selective and thematic) with thematic analysis approach was used. The final conceptual framework included 118 components, 37 dimensions, 14 perspectives and 6 general themes. General themes and perspectives in a chain and interrelationship including organizational networking capacities in the development of sports tourism, organizational ecosystem challenges in the development of sports tourism, inter-organizational networking strategies in sports tourism, alignment of organizational networking levels. in sports tourism, the processes of inter-organizational networking in sports tourism and the functions of the organizational network in the development of sports tourism. Based on the findings of the research, it can be said that if sports and non-sports organizations participate in sports tourism plans and programs, it will improve their social image and play their role in the field of sports.
Sport Communication
Abolfazl Gerami; Seyed Ehsan AmirHoseni; Farhad Rad
Abstract
The aim of the present research was to present a model for the development of smart sports tourism with the Internet of Things in Iran. The research method was a sequential exploratory (qualitative-quantitative) mixed method. The qualitative population included university professors familiar with the ...
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The aim of the present research was to present a model for the development of smart sports tourism with the Internet of Things in Iran. The research method was a sequential exploratory (qualitative-quantitative) mixed method. The qualitative population included university professors familiar with the Internet of Things (who had conducted research in this field), experts in the Internet of Things at the Iran IoT Center, and some sports tourism managers who had experience using the Internet of Things. Sampling in the qualitative section was done using purposeful sampling, snowball sampling, and theoretical saturation techniques (20 individuals). Data analysis for the interviews was conducted using coding methods. The quantitative population in this research was the same as the previous section (50 individuals) with a total sample. A researcher-made questionnaire based on the qualitative section was used to collect information in the quantitative section, which was divided into two main parts: demographic characteristics and related questions. This questionnaire consisted of 59 items and was in the form of six main components with a five-point Likert scale (from very high with a score of 5 to very low with a score of 1). In the qualitative section of the research, it was determined that the concepts were identified in the form of 59 conceptual codes and were placed within the six dimensions of the paradigm model. In the quantitative section, it was also determined that each of the six main components of the research had an appropriate fit. The use of the Internet of Things, considering its numerous benefits, is very useful and necessary for the growth of the country's sports tourism industry. Therefore, it is advisable for the country's sports tourism managers to make use of Internet of Things techniques.
Sport Communication
Alborz Hajipour; Keivan Shabani Moghadam; Mohammad Sajadian; Lena motallebi
Abstract
The purpose of the present research was to present a model of prerequisites and the effects of video assistant refereeing (VAR) in the development of professional football. This research was conducted through qualitative research of the grounded theory type, which is an exploratory method. In this study, ...
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The purpose of the present research was to present a model of prerequisites and the effects of video assistant refereeing (VAR) in the development of professional football. This research was conducted through qualitative research of the grounded theory type, which is an exploratory method. In this study, the model was developed through a review of the literature, exploratory interviews, and data-driven analysis. To conduct the interviews, a comprehensive statistical population of experts and professors in the field of sports management, who had at least one research publication (research article, presentation, research proposal, book authorship, or translation) in the subject area of the research, was selected. Additionally, football referees and managers from the Iranian Football Federation were included. Purposeful sampling was used to identify these individuals. The sampling continued until theoretical saturation was reached, and ultimately, a total of 18 participants (10 professors and 8 referees and managers) were identified as the sample. Subsequently, the issues were identified in the form of 12 themes and 48 conceptual codes, and were incorporated into the six dimensions of the paradigm model. Factors such as attitudinal, managerial, and media factors were influential on the use of VAR in the development of professional football in Iran. To this end, strategies were proposed, and these strategies were influenced by contextual conditions (infrastructural and cultural) as well as interventionist conditions (human, equipment, legal, and economic). Identifying prerequisites can provide a basis for effective planning for the implementation of this technology, and investigating its effects can lead to efforts to minimize negative consequences.
Sport Communication
Nadereh Bahri
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the components of the comfort-seeking lifestyle and its role in physical and sports activities in schools in order to achieve a fundamental model. The method of this research is in the form of fuzzy Delphi, and after extracting the challenges ...
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The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the components of the comfort-seeking lifestyle and its role in physical and sports activities in schools in order to achieve a fundamental model. The method of this research is in the form of fuzzy Delphi, and after extracting the challenges related to school sports, questionnaires were conducted through interviews with 20 coaches and teachers of sports in Tehran's District 5 in order to prioritize these challenges and also examine their impact on the sports field. The research results indicate that the following factors: the emphasis of authorities and families on academic matters rather than physical activity, interest in computer games, students' lifestyle changes towards low physical activity, limited hours of sports compared to other study hours, fear of facing group games due to the COVID-19 pandemic, lack of definition of new sports during sports hours, isolation and tendency towards solitude during sports hours, obesity and excessive fatigue, inappropriate diet, and weakness during sports hours, have the greatest impact on students' physical and sports activities in order of priority. The use of communication skills compensates for the isolated and passive lifestyle of students in schools and can compensate for its shortcomings by forming communication networks and support in schools. The research results also indicate the confirmation of the relationship between components related to communication skills and students' sports activities in schools.
Sport Communication
seyedeh maryam naghib hosseini; Seyyed Emad Hosseini; Farshad Emami
Abstract
Nowadays, fundamental changes have been observed in the tools and strategies used by certain sports individuals to communicate with customers through social media. The aim of this research was to present a paradigmatic model of social networks in creating sports businesses and providing a paradigmatic ...
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Nowadays, fundamental changes have been observed in the tools and strategies used by certain sports individuals to communicate with customers through social media. The aim of this research was to present a paradigmatic model of social networks in creating sports businesses and providing a paradigmatic model. This research was fundamental in terms of purpose and exploratory in terms of data collection using grounded theory method. The data collection tool was semi-structured in-depth interviews. The statistical population included experts, professors, managers, business owners, entrepreneurs and consultants in the sports industry and purposeful sampling method with snowballing technique was used. The collected data were analyzed using open, axial and selective coding and the final pattern was extracted. The final model consisted of the sum of the necessary conditions (2 categories), contextual condition (3 categories), strategies (4 categories), interfering variables (2 categories), consequences (2 categories) and the axial coding (2 categories) of the impact of social networks on creating sports businesses. In order to assess the reliability and quality control of the present study, Cohen's Kappa method was used. The calculated Kappa coefficient was 0.776, which was at an acceptable level of agreement. In order to establish and launch businesses in the country's sports, providing appropriate infrastructure and conditions for social networks can be one of the effective ways to stimulate business situation in the country's sports.
Sport Communication
Nosrat Allah Abedini; Hamid Ghasemi; reza saboonchi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between media consumption and communication skills of sports science students. The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational and in terms of practical purpose, it is in the field. The statistical population studied in this ...
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between media consumption and communication skills of sports science students. The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational and in terms of practical purpose, it is in the field. The statistical population studied in this study consisted of all students of sports sciences of Islamic Azad University in the academic year 2018-2019 (6230 people) who used Cohen, Morgan and Georgian sample size determination table and relying on random-cluster sampling method. Data collection tools included Ghasemi Communication Skills Questionnaire (2017) and Media Consumption of Mahmoudian et al (2015) that their content validity was evaluated by 8 expert professors in the field of sports management; Their reliability with Cronbach's alpha was 0.77 and 0.74, respectively. In order to analyze the data, frequency and percentage indicators were used, and in the inferential statistics section, the Kolmorov-Smirnov test and the structural equation modeling test were used by SPSS and PLS statistical software. The results of statistical analysis showed that media consumption has a positive, direct and significant relationship with communication skills of sports students. On the one hand, the development of media infrastructure in universities as much as possible, and on the other hand, teaching how to use all kinds of media as a tool and strengthening the communication skills of people active in the field of sports should be given the attention of officials and practitioners in the field of higher education. So the result of this will be the optimal use of media in all aspects of sports science students' lives.
Sport Communication
Hadiseh Bahrami; Javad shahvali kohshouri; َAkram ghobadi yeganeh
Abstract
The specialized literacies in communication, which go beyond reading, writing, and simple conversation, play a significant role in human communication with oneself, others, and even other beings; the quality of good communication signifies greater success in personal and professional life. With this ...
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The specialized literacies in communication, which go beyond reading, writing, and simple conversation, play a significant role in human communication with oneself, others, and even other beings; the quality of good communication signifies greater success in personal and professional life. With this brief introduction, the question arises as to whether communicative literacy is a very important skill among professional athletes. The answer is likely positive; as professional sports are breaking down negative beliefs of past generations, such as eliminating racial discrimination. On the other hand, professional sports have brought together different tastes and interests, leading to expanded communications. Since communicative literacy in professional sports has been less studied, the aim of this study is to analyze specialized literacies in the communication of professional athletes in Iran, based on the technique of analyzing key players. This was done through a strategic planning simulation tool called "McCutcheon". In this critical paradigm study, professional athletes in the fields of football, wrestling, weightlifting, and handball were asked to complete actor-actor and actor-goal matrices, which in a way measured their level of communicative literacy. The results from the Makator software output indicated that professional athletes in selected fields have weaknesses in their specialized literacies in body language, intercultural communication, advertising literacy, organizational communication, international and emotional relations. Suggestions were made for better communication for professional athletes.