Research Paper
Sport Advertising
Mohammad Rasoul Khodadadi; Yaghoub Badri Azarin; Mehdi Djahangiri; maryam farid fathi
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a model for designing an integrated communication model in the supply chain of universal sports services in Iran. The research was carried out using a systematic theoretical framework and based on the fuzzy cognitive mapping approach. The sampling ...
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The present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a model for designing an integrated communication model in the supply chain of universal sports services in Iran. The research was carried out using a systematic theoretical framework and based on the fuzzy cognitive mapping approach. The sampling was theoretical and snowball, and theoretical saturation was achieved through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 18 experts in the sports industry, universal sports, and supply chain. Qualitative research reliability criteria were used to examine validity, and the agreement method of two coders and researcher coding at a specific time interval were used to examine reliability to draw fuzzy cognitive maps and calculate the relevant indices, Excel, FCMapper, and FCM Expert software were used. The results showed that the integrated management of communications in the supply chain of universal sports services is identified by three main concepts: management of supplier relationships, internal communication management, and customer relationship management. The main concepts included in this issue were communication in non-sports private industries, communication in educational centers, media communications, communications in non-sports government suppliers, communications in the main supply chain, international relations, dynamic reporting systems, participatory behaviors with customers, culture of appreciation for top customers, ancillary customer communication services, complaint handling, collaboration between links, social capital of the supply chain, and strategic alliance. Furthermore, the indices related to the cognitive maps indicated that the communications of the main supply chain, media communications, and collaboration between links have the highest degree of centrality, meaning that they have the greatest impact on the integrated communication system in the supply chain of universal sports services.
Research Paper
Sport Communication
Hadiseh Bahrami; Javad shahvali kohshouri; َAkram ghobadi yeganeh
Abstract
The specialized literacies in communication, which go beyond reading, writing, and simple conversation, play a significant role in human communication with oneself, others, and even other beings; the quality of good communication signifies greater success in personal and professional life. With this ...
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The specialized literacies in communication, which go beyond reading, writing, and simple conversation, play a significant role in human communication with oneself, others, and even other beings; the quality of good communication signifies greater success in personal and professional life. With this brief introduction, the question arises as to whether communicative literacy is a very important skill among professional athletes. The answer is likely positive; as professional sports are breaking down negative beliefs of past generations, such as eliminating racial discrimination. On the other hand, professional sports have brought together different tastes and interests, leading to expanded communications. Since communicative literacy in professional sports has been less studied, the aim of this study is to analyze specialized literacies in the communication of professional athletes in Iran, based on the technique of analyzing key players. This was done through a strategic planning simulation tool called "McCutcheon". In this critical paradigm study, professional athletes in the fields of football, wrestling, weightlifting, and handball were asked to complete actor-actor and actor-goal matrices, which in a way measured their level of communicative literacy. The results from the Makator software output indicated that professional athletes in selected fields have weaknesses in their specialized literacies in body language, intercultural communication, advertising literacy, organizational communication, international and emotional relations. Suggestions were made for better communication for professional athletes.
Research Paper
Sport International Relations
Sara Keshkar; Ghazal panahbar
Abstract
Sports have emerged as a significant form of soft power in diplomatic and international relations. A historical examination of the introduction of non-native sports in Iran sheds light on the methods and reasons behind their adoption in the country. The historical presence of foreigners and international ...
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Sports have emerged as a significant form of soft power in diplomatic and international relations. A historical examination of the introduction of non-native sports in Iran sheds light on the methods and reasons behind their adoption in the country. The historical presence of foreigners and international relations in Iran has had a notable impact, particularly in the development of modern sports. Foreigners have played a pivotal role in attracting young people and fostering the growth of sports in the country. Understanding the strategies employed by foreigners to promote their sports can offer valuable insights for sports managers seeking to maintain and develop local sports. In a historical qualitative study employing documentary methods and nominee interviews, the introduction of foreign sports to Iran was investigated. The study reviewed 70 relevant documents, articles, books, and reports. Additionally, experts and researchers in sport history, sport management, sport sociology, athletes, sports veterans, and club/team managers (N=19) were purposively and snowball sampled for interviews. The findings revealed that Iranians who had traveled abroad and foreigners played crucial roles in introducing sports to Iran, while economic and political connections were instrumental in promoting their development. Advertising, foreign cultural influences, structural development, and economic growth have all contributed to the maintenance and nurturing of these sports activities. The similar emergence of sports in many countries suggests that governments have strategically utilized sports to achieve political goals in host countries.
Research Paper
Sports Media
MARZIYEH KHALIFEH SOLTANI; Saeid Jafari; Bahareh Rahmaniyan Koshakki
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the impact of media consumption on pro-environmental behavior, with a focus on the mediating role of environmental awareness among sports science students in Sistan and Baluchestan province. The research method employed was of a descriptive-survey nature, with the statistical ...
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The present study aimed to explore the impact of media consumption on pro-environmental behavior, with a focus on the mediating role of environmental awareness among sports science students in Sistan and Baluchestan province. The research method employed was of a descriptive-survey nature, with the statistical population comprising all sports science students in the province. A sample of 271 students was selected using the cluster sampling method. The data collection instruments included the standard media consumption questionnaire developed by Mahmoudian et al. (2015), the environmental awareness questionnaire by Si et al. (2022), and the pro-environmental behavior questionnaire designed by Van and Dave (2022). Face and content validity checks were utilized to ensure the questionnaires' validity. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling with Lisrel software, confirming the suitability of the proposed model. The results revealed positive and direct effects of media consumption and environmental awareness on pro-environmental behavior. Additionally, the study demonstrated the positive and indirect impact of media consumption on pro-environmental behavior through environmental awareness among sports science students. Based on the findings, enhancing and promoting environmental awareness through the utilization of social and national media platforms emerges as a persuasive approach to encourage students to engage in extra-role behaviors for pro-environmental conduct.
Research Paper
Sports Media
Majid Rajabi; abolfazl farahani
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to analyze the content of privatization studies in sports in Iran. The research method was quantitative and based on descriptive content analysis. The statistical population included all privatization studies in sports in Iran until the end of summer 2021. The sample ...
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The purpose of this research was to analyze the content of privatization studies in sports in Iran. The research method was quantitative and based on descriptive content analysis. The statistical population included all privatization studies in sports in Iran until the end of summer 2021. The sample size was equal to the statistical population. To conduct this research, the websites of scientific-sports journals were searched. However, in order to access research related to previous years not available on the websites of scientific-sports journals, as well as for other research, searches were conducted in various databases. Descriptive statistics (charts and tables) from Excel software were used for data analysis. The results showed that a total of 98 studies on the privatization of sports in Iran were conducted and reported. Of these, 17.5% of the studies were related to the privatization of football and football clubs, 22.5% were related to the privatization of sports facilities, and 60% were related to other areas of sports privatization. Another finding of this research was the very limited contribution of theses and dissertations from university students. In general, the number of 98 studies from 1995 to the end of summer 2021, which spans approximately 26 years, does not indicate a substantial quantity. 24 studies addressed the obstacles to sports privatization in Iran. One of the conclusions drawn from this research is the identification of suitable areas for future privatization studies in sports in Iran.
Research Paper
Sport Advertising
zahra abdolvahabi; mehdi kohandel; Abas khodayari; Ali Zareai
Abstract
Electronic commerce is one of the technologies that encompasses a broad concept behind its seemingly simple name. The aim of the present research was to validate the identified factors affecting electronic commerce in the Iran Football Federation. The current research method is a combination of qualitative ...
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Electronic commerce is one of the technologies that encompasses a broad concept behind its seemingly simple name. The aim of the present research was to validate the identified factors affecting electronic commerce in the Iran Football Federation. The current research method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches, with qualitative and then quantitative methods used in the study. The statistical population consisted of two parts: the qualitative section included university professors, experts, and stakeholders. The sampling method was non-probabilistic, using purposeful and maximum diversity or heterogeneity. The sample size in this research was determined to be 17 based on theoretical saturation, and in the quantitative section, marketing experts, sports marketers, IT professionals, and federation experts were included, resulting in a sample of 370 individuals. The measurement tool in the qualitative stage was open-ended interviews, which were analyzed based on three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. In the quantitative section, the research tool included a questionnaire derived from the qualitative section codes, which was further analyzed using AMOS software. Based on the data analysis, 99 initial concepts, 19 main categories, and 6 core categories were identified. Subsequently, 6 theoretical propositions based on the theoretical data foundation model were proposed for modeling electronic commerce in the Iran Football Federation.
Research Paper
Sport Advertising
ali asgar; sirous ahmadi; Azadeh alinezhad
Abstract
Nowadays, companies are placing a strong emphasis on understanding the factors that influence consumer buying behavior. In pursuit of this objective, managers of organizations are giving special attention to attitudes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of attitudes towards advertising and brand ...
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Nowadays, companies are placing a strong emphasis on understanding the factors that influence consumer buying behavior. In pursuit of this objective, managers of organizations are giving special attention to attitudes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of attitudes towards advertising and brand by comparing animated advertising with advertising featuring real characters on consumer attraction and purchase intention. The study employed a descriptive-correlational design and had an applied purpose. The statistical population of the study consisted of 300 physical education students from universities in Hamedan City. The results indicated that attitudes towards advertising mediated the impact of advertising, whether featuring real characters or animated ones, on consumer attraction, but not on purchase intention. Similarly, attitudes towards the brand did not mediate the effect of advertising, whether featuring real characters or animated ones, on purchase intention and consumer attraction. Given the increasing importance and prevalence of this type of advertising worldwide, companies should endeavor to cultivate a positive attitude towards these advertising methods and brands in the minds of consumers to enhance consumer attraction and purchase intention.
Research Paper
Sports Media
mojtaba malek; saeid tabesh
Abstract
Very little research has been conducted on the content analysis of studies related to the elderly. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the research landscape and offer structured insights into this area. The research focuses on the content analysis of Iranian journals of physical education ...
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Very little research has been conducted on the content analysis of studies related to the elderly. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the research landscape and offer structured insights into this area. The research focuses on the content analysis of Iranian journals of physical education in the context of elderly individuals. This quantitative, applied research is based on content analysis and adopts a descriptive approach. The statistical population includes geriatric research published in Iranian physical education journals from 1993 to 2021. The research tool is a researcher-developed checklist, validated by ten professors, with a reliability coefficient of 0.97 using the Holsti formula. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS software. The findings revealed 213 relevant studies, with the majority published in the Motor Behavior journal. The most prevalent topic, constituting 30% of the articles, pertains to sports physiology, while biomechanics and management topics are less frequently addressed. Nearly all articles (99%) have a practical purpose and predominantly feature quantitative data. The quasi-experimental method is the most commonly used (76.05%), with training protocols being utilized in 81.22% of cases. Non-random sampling is the most frequently employed method, accounting for 53.52% of cases. Geographically, Tehran, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, and Isfahan provinces have the highest publication shares. SPSS software (73.23%), one-factor analysis of variance, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical methods are the most prevalent analytical tools used by researchers. The research conducted in Iranian physical education journals regarding the elderly does not comprehensively cover the literature in this domain. Consequently, to advance knowledge in this area, it is crucial to conduct diverse research across all regions, as well as to employ descriptive and qualitative methods more extensively. It is anticipated that over time, publications will increasingly address the challenges and opportunities faced by the elderly, adopting a more forward-looking approach in this field.