Research Paper
AmirHoseyn Monazzami; Mahdi Shariati Feizabadi; Sadegh Ranjbar
Abstract
Religious and political challenges with Saudi Arabia in the last decade, followed by the burning of the Saudi embassy in Tehran, invited the sport of the Islamic Republic of Iran, especially national an club’s football, to a new problem. The purpose of this study was to analyze the anti-diplomacy ...
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Religious and political challenges with Saudi Arabia in the last decade, followed by the burning of the Saudi embassy in Tehran, invited the sport of the Islamic Republic of Iran, especially national an club’s football, to a new problem. The purpose of this study was to analyze the anti-diplomacy of Iranian football as a geopolitical challenge against Saudi Arabia. The present study was a qualitative (descriptive-analytical) type of library studies in terms of applied purpose and in terms of data collection; The statistical population was equal to 54 works of international sports relations and in particular sports diplomacy in the Middle East region and the statistical sample was equal to the contents about Iranian football anti-diplomacy, soft power of Iran and Saudi Arabia. The findings of the present study showed that the national teams of Saudi Arabia and Iran, as the main players in the Arab world and the Middle East, respectively, have played a significant role in the development of football in this region and many Asian football achievements, including being on the championship platform in the Asian Champions League. And attending the FIFA World Cup has been the result of the two countries' attention to football as their most popular sport; Finally, football in the confrontation between Iran and Saudi Arabia in the Middle East can be a tool for convergence and as one of the basic geopolitical codes of the two countries, which with its soft nature can open a diplomatic path in re-examining the relations between the two countries.
Research Paper
rohalah hasani; Nematullah nemati; tahereh bagherpour
Abstract
The aim of the present research was to identify and validate the effective strategies for the development of e-sports clubs in Iran. The research method used a mixed qualitative-quantitative approach for data collection. The qualitative population consisted of experts, informed individuals, and authorities ...
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The aim of the present research was to identify and validate the effective strategies for the development of e-sports clubs in Iran. The research method used a mixed qualitative-quantitative approach for data collection. The qualitative population consisted of experts, informed individuals, and authorities familiar with strategic sports management, as well as managers and officials of e-sports associations such as the development and progress committee and the e-sports association. The sampling method was non-probabilistic, with purposive selection and maximum diversity. The sample size for this research was determined to be 16 based on theoretical saturation. Additionally, in the quantitative section, the participants were managers and officials of e-sports clubs and e-sports athletes, totaling 360 individuals. The research tools included semi-structured interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire designed based on the extracted codes in the qualitative section. The qualitative data analysis was conducted using Maxqda software, while the quantitative analysis was performed using the AMOS structural equation modeling software. The results identified and validated 6 concepts and 44 codes related to the effective strategies for the development of e-sports clubs in Iran. Finally, the model results were confirmed in terms of validation. The results indicated that educational and research strategies, the development of official competitions, creating a platform for attracting financial support, differentiation, and interaction with the media formed the strategies for the development of e-sports clubs.
Research Paper
Saheb Daryaei; saeed amirnejad; sajjad ghadami
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of Instagram bloggers in influencing the intention to purchase sports products, with the mediating effect of attitude towards the brand. This research is of a descriptive-correlational nature in terms of both its practical objective and method. The statistical ...
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The present study aimed to investigate the role of Instagram bloggers in influencing the intention to purchase sports products, with the mediating effect of attitude towards the brand. This research is of a descriptive-correlational nature in terms of both its practical objective and method. The statistical population of the study consisted of all Instagram users who had purchased sports products through this platform. Due to the limited statistical population, the sample was selected through convenience sampling, comprising 221 individuals. The research tools used in this study included a researcher-made questionnaire on the role of Instagram bloggers, the standard intention to purchase questionnaire by Naito and Kim (2006), and the standard attitude towards the brand questionnaire by Crystalis and Cherischo (2013). The face and content validity of the questionnaires were confirmed by 10 marketing and sports management experts, and the reliability of the three questionnaires was reported as 0.85, 0.86, and 0.88 respectively, based on Cronbach's alpha. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as Smirnov-Kolmogorov test, Spearman's correlation coefficient, stepwise regression analysis, and Sobel test were used for data analysis in the SPSS software version 25. The findings of the study indicated that the role of Instagram bloggers significantly influences the intention to purchase sports products. Specifically, there was a positive and significant relationship between the bloggers' expertise and purchase intention by 17%, the bloggers' likable personality and purchase intention by 22%, the trustworthiness of the blogger and purchase intention by 40%, the social attractiveness of the blogger and purchase intention by 57%, and finally, the blogger's personality style and purchase intention by 51%. Therefore, the attention to these factors by sports bloggers can have a positive impact on the minds of sports consumers who follow them. Furthermore, the results showed that the role of Instagram bloggers, with the mediating effect of attitude towards the brand, can significantly affect the intention to purchase sports products. As a result, organizations, companies, and sports producers can utilize popular domestic and international Instagram bloggers, considering the bloggers' characteristics and the public's mindset about them, to promote and sell their sports products for the advancement of their organizational goals.
Research Paper
soheila sefaty; Saeed Ghorbani; Reza Rezayi Shirazi
Abstract
The aim of the present research was to explain and prioritize the factors affecting sports diplomacy in the virtual space. This study was fundamental in terms of purpose, descriptive in nature, and a mixed research in terms of variables, which was a combination of the Delphi and fuzzy Dematel methods. ...
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The aim of the present research was to explain and prioritize the factors affecting sports diplomacy in the virtual space. This study was fundamental in terms of purpose, descriptive in nature, and a mixed research in terms of variables, which was a combination of the Delphi and fuzzy Dematel methods. The statistical population of this research, given the type of research on sports diplomacy, included all stakeholders and experts in the field of sports diplomacy and international relations, members of the academic faculty of sports management in the country and officials of international federations. The sampling method in the qualitative section was purposeful and snowball, and a total of 16 interviews were conducted to reach theoretical saturation. The Delphi group consisted of 8 of the interviewees, and 13 experts formed the fuzzy Dematel group. The analyses were performed in the Excel software. The interview findings and the theoretical foundations of the research indicated that a total of 79 items were identified as factors affecting sports diplomacy in the virtual space, which were classified into 9 main categories: "nature and potential", "structural factors", "management policy", "media policy", "professional sports policy", "cultural policy", "international policy", "economic factors" and "communication policy". In addition, the findings of the fuzzy Dematel test showed that there are 4 influential factors and 5 susceptible factors on sports diplomacy in the virtual space. In a general conclusion, it was stated that the influential factors should be given priority, as this could have a greater impact on sports diplomacy in the virtual space of Iran and play a more active role in this area.
Research Paper
farzad khorasani sasi kolomi; Masoumeh Kalateh Seifari; Morteza Doosti
Abstract
investigating the impact of the technology environment on marketing development in the Iran Pro Wrestling League. The research community included 16 people from officials, wrestlers, wrestling team managers, coaches and sponsors. The sampling method was purposeful and accessible. The data collection ...
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investigating the impact of the technology environment on marketing development in the Iran Pro Wrestling League. The research community included 16 people from officials, wrestlers, wrestling team managers, coaches and sponsors. The sampling method was purposeful and accessible. The data collection tools were semi-structured interviews and review of research literature. A set of codes and concepts were collected through open coding and important categories were obtained. In the axial coding stage, relationships were established between the categories obtained in the open coding stage and these categories were determined in 6 titles and in the form of a paradigmatic pattern. In the next stage, 85 concepts were obtained through open coding, which created 56 subcategories by categorizing these codes. In the axial coding stage, 16 main categories were classified. The results showed that in causal conditions, costs paid by fans using technology, website security and comparing the cost and benefit of technology in sports marketing; in the axial category of technology in sports marketing; in contextual conditions, desirability of income from wrestling through technology, desirability of income through marketing and profit from technology; in interfering conditions unfamiliarity of organizers and managers with the digital space caused them to have less inclination towards technology. In strategies, creating a virtual space, creativity and entrepreneurship in marketing development, organizing online predictions, using modern technology in the sports hall and internet advertising and in consequences positively behaving fans play a role. Based on the findings, wrestling officials need to use various technologies in the field of wrestling marketing.
Research Paper
seyedeh maryam naghib hosseini; Seyyed Emad Hosseini; Farshad Emami
Abstract
Nowadays, fundamental changes have been observed in the tools and strategies used by certain sports individuals to communicate with customers through social media. The aim of this research was to present a paradigmatic model of social networks in creating sports businesses and providing a paradigmatic ...
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Nowadays, fundamental changes have been observed in the tools and strategies used by certain sports individuals to communicate with customers through social media. The aim of this research was to present a paradigmatic model of social networks in creating sports businesses and providing a paradigmatic model. This research was fundamental in terms of purpose and exploratory in terms of data collection using grounded theory method. The data collection tool was semi-structured in-depth interviews. The statistical population included experts, professors, managers, business owners, entrepreneurs and consultants in the sports industry and purposeful sampling method with snowballing technique was used. The collected data were analyzed using open, axial and selective coding and the final pattern was extracted. The final model consisted of the sum of the necessary conditions (2 categories), contextual condition (3 categories), strategies (4 categories), interfering variables (2 categories), consequences (2 categories) and the axial coding (2 categories) of the impact of social networks on creating sports businesses. In order to assess the reliability and quality control of the present study, Cohen's Kappa method was used. The calculated Kappa coefficient was 0.776, which was at an acceptable level of agreement. In order to establish and launch businesses in the country's sports, providing appropriate infrastructure and conditions for social networks can be one of the effective ways to stimulate business situation in the country's sports.
Research Paper
mohsen armaghani; mehdi rasooli
Abstract
The objective of this research is to analyze ambush marketing in Iran's football, AFC Asian Cup 2019. This research is applied in terms of purpose. The research method is mixed (quantitative and qualitative content analysis). The statistical population in the first section is the media that had carried ...
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The objective of this research is to analyze ambush marketing in Iran's football, AFC Asian Cup 2019. This research is applied in terms of purpose. The research method is mixed (quantitative and qualitative content analysis). The statistical population in the first section is the media that had carried out ambush marketing, and the sampling method was complete enumeration. In this regard, based on Alexa website, 30 most visited Iranian websites and national media during Iran's national team matches during the event and live broadcast of Iran's football matches through Iran's television during the team's presence in the event, a total of 81 cases of ambush marketing advertisements were identified as research samples. In the second section, to identify prevention and response methods, the statistical population includes experts familiar with the research topic at the Iran Football Federation, who based on a targeted and judgmental sampling method, 5 people were identified as research samples. The data collection tool in this research was conducted in two ways; in the first part, to identify the status, the researcher-made checklist was used and in the second part, to identify countermeasures against ambush marketing, a focused focus group was created. The results of the research showed that the most common type of ambush marketing used was brand infringement and the most common strategy used by industries and organizations was supporting the broadcast of an event. Considering the research findings, some executable solutions have been proposed that can guide the managers of the Iran Football Federation.
Research Paper
ali karimi; Ahdieh Sadeghi
Abstract
The present research was conducted with the aim of formulating a model for the role of social media in the workplace on the occupational outcomes of employees in the sports and youth administrations of Kermanshah province. The research method was descriptive-survey and based on structural equation modeling. ...
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The present research was conducted with the aim of formulating a model for the role of social media in the workplace on the occupational outcomes of employees in the sports and youth administrations of Kermanshah province. The research method was descriptive-survey and based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research included 320 employees of the sports and youth administrations of Kermanshah province, out of which 175 individuals were selected as the sample using stratified random sampling method based on Cochran's formula. The measurement tool was a questionnaire with 19 questions in two sections: social media in the workplace and occupational outcomes. In this research, Smart PLS software was used to analyze the relationships between the components of the model and to analyze the data. The findings indicated that social media in the workplace had a significant impact on occupational outcomes with a path coefficient of 0.55 and a T value of 5.58. Among these, excessive social use of social media had a significant effect on occupational outcomes with a path coefficient of 0.16 and a T value of 2.11, excessive hedonic use of social media had a significant effect on occupational outcomes with a path coefficient of 0.32 and a T value of 2.51, and excessive cognitive use of social media had a significant effect on occupational outcomes with a path coefficient of 0.18 and a T value of 2.57. Therefore, the use of social networks can have both positive and negative occupational outcomes in organizational environments.