Discourse analysis of women's sport in Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Prof of Sport Management, Jahrom University

2 M.Sc. Student of Sports Management, Alzahra University

3 M.Sc. Student of Sports Management, Jahrom University

Abstract

The development of women's sports is a step towards national development. In addition, due to the impact of women's sports on family and community life, it has received more attention from the government and the people. The purpose of this study was to investigate the main discourse of sports managers in the field of women's sports.The research was a descriptive study that was examined by qualitative analysis and discourse analysis approach from lectures and interviews of 34 senior managers in the field of sports and youth and its coding in an 8-month period from March to January 2021.The data obtained from the interviews and lectures of the managers were coded and classified into 19 concepts and 8 categories: moderation, culture building, talent development, sports development, sports efficiency, management, honor creation and sports requirements.It seems that women's participation in sports will make them work as legislators, managers, fighters for their rights and leaders of sports organizations. Therefore, it is very important for the media and senior managers to take more solid steps to empower women in their position by supporting and enacting laws.

Keywords

References

  1. Alaina C. Zanin, Emilee T. Shearer & Laura V. Martinez (2020): Toward a typology for negotiating layered identities: An oppositional discourse analysis of girls’youth sport, Communication Monographs, DOI: 10.1080/03637751.2020.1729993
  2. Andersson, S. (2020). Women’s sports : A discourse analytic investigation into the representation of women in sports media (Dissertation). Retrieved from http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-47891
  3. Angelini, James R., Paul J. MacAuthur, and Andrew C. Billings. 2012. “What’s  the  gendered  story?  Vancouver’s  prime  time Olympic glory on NBC.” Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media56:261-279.
  4. Bruce, T. 2013. “Reflections on communication and sport: On women and femininities.” Communication & Sport1(1-2):125-137.
  5. Castellani F-L. Sport and women [in Portuguese]. Esporte e Mulher. In: Tambucci P, Oliveira J, Coelho Sobrinho J. (Eds.). Sport and Journalism [in Portuguese]. Esporte e Jornalismo. São Paulo: Cepeusp/eca-usp; 1997. Pp. 91-100.
  6. Coakly, J (2003). Sport in society issue and controversies. New York: Mcgrowhill
  7. A. Anaza., Meungguk, Park. Taeho, Yoh. (2009) "An Examination of Constraints that  Influence  Spectators’  Attendance  in  Women’s Intercollegiate  Sporting  Events".  North  American  Society  for  Sport Management Conference. p: 450.
  8. Eydi, H., Bakhshi Chenari, A., Fadaeii deh cheshmeh, M. (2019). The Role of the Media on the Attitude of Iranian Women toward the Participation of Muslim Women in the Olympic and World Championships. Communication Management in Sport Media, 7(1), 43-50. doi:10.30473/jsm.2019.42463.1278 (Persian)
  9. Farahani, A; Hosseini, M & Moradi, R. (2017). Prioritization of obstacles facing women working in sports activities in Alborz province. Journal of the School of Health and the Institute of Health Research. first issue, pages 23-24. (Persian)
  10. Fairclough, N. and Wodak, R. (2008). ‘The Bologna process and the knowledge-based economy: a critical discourse analysis approach’. In Jessop, B., Fairclough, N. and Wodak, R. (Eds), Higher Education and the Knowledge Based Economy in Europe. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, 109–25
  11. Fink, J.S., Female athletes, women’s sport, and the sport media commercial complex:Have we really ‘‘come a long way, baby’’?.Sport Management Review (2014),
  12. Fitzgerald, M., Sagaria, M., & Nelson, B. (1994). Career patterns of athletic directors: Challenging the conventional wisdom.Journal of Sport Management, 8,14–26
  13. Gee, J. P. 1990. Social Linguistics and Literacies: Ideology in Discourses . London: Falmer Press.
  14. Glanz, ,  &  Bishop,  B.  (2010).  The  Role  of  Behavioral  Science  Theory  in  Development  and Implementation  of  Public  Health  Interventions.  Annual  Review  of  Public  Health.  31,  399  -418.

https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.012809.103604

  1. Gregg EA, Gregg VH. (2017). Women in Sport: Historical Perspectives. Clinics in Sports Medicine. 2017 Oct;36(4):603-610. DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2017.05.001.
  2. Haseena, V. A (2015). The Ways for Women Empowerment through Sports. Journal of Culture, Society and Development, 10, 66-70.
  3. Hekmati, ,  Dinani,  M.M.,  &  Hosseini,  R.N.S.  (2020).  Designing a model for development of women sports with an emphasis on sports as a social phenomenon: What do we need?. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, in press. doi:https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2022.171.11
  4. Heywood, E & Ivey, B. (2021) Radio as an empowering environment: how does radio broadcasting in Mali represent women’s “web of relations”?. Feminist Media Studies 0:0, pages 1 17.
  5. Hoeber, L., & Frisby, W. (2001). Gender equity for athletes: Rewriting

the narrative for this organizational value. European Sport

Management Quarterly, 1, 179–209

  1. Jordan J. K. Matthews (2020): The Brighton Conference on Women and Sport,Sport in History, DOI: 10.1080/17460263.2020.1730943
  2. Kane, M. J. (1995). Resistance/Transformation of the oppositional binary: Exposing sport as a continuum.Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 19, 191–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019372395019002006
  3. Knijnik, J. D., & Soares de Souza, J. S. (2011). Brazilian women in the sports press : a case study. Journal Of Human Sport And Exercise, 6(1), 12-26.
  4. Knoppers, Annelies;  Anthonissen, Anton. Sex Roles; New York58, Iss. 1-2,  (Jan 2008): 93-103. DOI:10.1007/s11199-007-9324-z
  5. Jones, D. (2004). Half the story? Olympic women on ABC News Online.Media International Australia, Incorporating Culture & Policy, 110,132–146.
  6. Jones, D. (2010). Women’s sports coverage: Online images of the 2008

Olympic games.Australia Journalism Review, 32(2), 89–102

  1. Krech, M, (2017). To Be a Woman in the World of Sport: Global Regulation of the Gender Binary in Elite Athletics (2017). Berkeley Journal of International Law (BJIL), Vol. 35, No. 2, 2018.
  2. Lumby, K., Caple, H., & Greenwood, K. (2010). Towards a level playing field: Sport and gender in Australian media, January 2008 July 2009. Canberra: Australian Sports Commission.
  3. Laucella, P. C., Hardin, M., Bien-Aimé, S., & Antunovic, D. (2017). Diversifying the Sports Department and Covering Women's Sports: A Survey of Sports Editors. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 94(3), 772792. 
  4. Maleki M, Hosseini, M, Ostadi, Z & Mardani F. (2015). "Study of sports challenges for female employees in Birjand", Strategic Studies of Youth Sports, 14 (30). (Persian)
  5. Mason, Karen Oppenheim (1986) The Status of Women: Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Demographic Studies, Sociological Forum, 1(2): 284-300.
  6. Miryousefi, S. (2019). The Mass Media Role in the Development of Championship Social Culture. Communication Management in Sport Media, 7(1), 97-109. doi: 10.30473/jsm.2019.45353.1317
  7. Murali A, Bagchi A (2020): Study on the broadcast of women’s sports in India, Ann Trop Med & Public Health; 23(S17): SP231711.
  8. O'Reilly, N; Brunette, M& Bradish, Ch (2018) "Lifelong Female Engagement in Sport: A Framework for Advancing Girls’ and Women’s Participation," Journal of Applied Sport Management: Vol. 10 : Iss. 3.
    Available at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/jasm/vol10/iss3/6
  9. Organista, N. ., & Mazur, Z. (2020). Strażniczki hegemonicznej struktury sportu? Postrzeganie sportu kobiet przez polskie dziennikarki sportowe. Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej, 16(1), 48-64.
  10. Rahman, T. (2020). “Women Empowerment. Empyreal Publishing Hous. ISBN : 978-81-936264-1-2
  11. Rasekh, N., Zareian, H., Ghasemi, H., Rezaie, Z. (2019). Championship Sports for Iranian Women: Challenges, Opportunities and Solutions. New Approaches in Sport Sciences, 1(1), 99-116.
  12. Sadeghipour, H, Jahanian M & Mousavi S R. (2016). "Challenges and Opportunities for Women Sports in Bushehr Province and Strategies for Its Development", Strategic Studies in Sports and Youth, 14 (29). (Persian)
  13. Sagas, M., & Cunningham, G. (2004). Does having the right stuff matter? Gender differences in the determinants of career success among intercollegiate athletic administrators. Sex Roles, 50, 411–421.
  14. Sapkota, S., Bowles, H. R., & Ham, S. A. (2006). Adult Participation in Recommended Levels of Physical Activity: United States, 2001-2003. Journal of American Medical Association, 54 (47), 1208-1212.
  15. Schneider, A. (2020). Women in Sport, Sport, Ethics and Philosophy, 14:4.
  16. Shehu, J. (2019). “African Women in Sports”, Journal: The Palgrave Handbook of African Women's Studies, 2019, p. 1-18
  17. Sherry, E., Osborne, A. & Nicholson, M. Images of Sports Women: A review. Sex Roles 74, 299–309 (2016).
  18. Tulshiram, P. khadke. (2020). The Role and Effect of Mass Media in Sports. Mukt Shabd Journal. Volume IX, Issue VI, JUNE. ISSN NO: 2347-3150
  19. Vincent, John et al. 2007. “Analysing the print media coverage of professional tennis players: British newspaper narratives about female competitors in the Wimbledon Championships.” International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing2:281-300.
  20. Warburton, D. B. R., Nicol, C. W., & Bredin, S. (2006). Health Benefits of Physical Activity: the Evidence. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 174 (6), 801-809.
  21. Zakai M. S. & Siddiqui S. (2016). "Femininity and Sports", Social and Psychological Studies of Women (Former Women's Studies), Volume XIII, 2 (43). (Persian)
  22. Mozaffari, M. (2015). The role of mass media in sustainable development with a women's empowerment approach. Social Development Studies of Iran. Summer 2015, 3 (27), 137-123. (Persian)
  23. Moradi, M. Ahmadi, A. H. Henry, H. & Rahmani, M. (2012). Journal of Physiology and Sports Management Research, Fourth Year. (Persian)
  24. Nozari, H., Jamshidiha, G., Gholamipoor, E., Irani, U. (2013). The usefulness of critical discourse according to Fairclough in analyzing the concrete texts: the analysis of media text focusing on current social and economic crisis in Europe and the U.S.. Quarterly of Social Studies and Research in Iran, 2(1), 153-176. doi: 10.22059/jisr.2013.36581. (Persian)
  25. hamidpour, H., Shetab Booshehri, S. (2015). The role of mass media in the development of women's sports championshipPrincipals Office of Youth and Sports has been in Khuzestan Province. Communication Management in Sport Media, 2(4), 48-60. (Persian)
  26. Salab Sayadi, L. Sheikhi Musa, M. Mohammadzadeh, F. & Hejbari, A. 2019, Analysis of the role of media in the development of women's sports, Second National Conference on Social Injuries, Ardabil ,,, https://civilica.com/doc/1035630. (Persian)
  27. White, A., & Brackenridge, C. (1985). Who rules sport? Gender divisions in the power structure of British sport organizations from 1960.International Review for the Sociology of Sport,20,96–107.
  28. Whisenant, W., Pedersen, P., & Obenour, B. (2002). Success and gender: Determining the rate of advancement for intercollegiate athletic directors.Sex Roles, 47, 485–491.
  29. Younis Khan. M, Ali Khan,U, Kareem, U & Imran, G. (2012). International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences September 2012, Vol. 2, No. 9 ISSN: 2222-6990

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 21 February 2021
  • Revise Date: 30 March 2021
  • Accept Date: 23 April 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics