In collaboration with Payame Noor University and Iranian Scientific association of sport management

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. Studen in Communication Science at Allameh Tabataba'i University of Tehran, IRAN

2 Ph.D. Holder in Literature, Islamic Azad University, IRAN & Education Assistant at Islamic Azad University, Kabul Branch, Afghanistan

Abstract

This paper aims to discourse analysis the concept of judgment in the Ninety (90) TV Program and understands how this program has Constructed the meaning of the judgment in football. in this paper, the authors attempt to analyze two programs with the subject of judgment on November 18,  2013 and March 11,  2013by using critical discourse analysis method and conflating Laclau and Mouffe with Fairclough and Van Dijk's approaches and purposeful sampling  to identify the discursive system of the program and highlights nodal points and moments.
The results of this research indicate that in this program, the nodal point of Adel Ferdowsipours' discourse is management, which interaction and correct legislation are its moments. Also, management, affirmative policy, desirability of performance and desirability of judgment are the nodal points of the program's participants that Using the floating signs and mo,ents of education, management, technology orientation, discipline, forethought, community-based, people-centered, honesty, connoisseurship and physical readiness, Which shaped in a Chain of equivalence, their discourses of judgment and the discursive system of the program.
In fact, based on the findings of the research, the desirability of judgment to a degree is related to the type of policy, the performance of the managers of the country's sport and organization, professional training of referees, attention to technical and professional aspects of judgment, including technology orientation, discipline, physical fitness, as well as the correct legislation of decision making bodies in the field of Sport.

Keywords

References
1.Abdi, H, Jalali Farahani, M. & Sajjadi, N. (2009). Comparative Study of Football Referee Status in Iran and the United Kingdom. Sport Management journal. (Persian)
2.Ahmadi, A. & Mohammadzadeh, H, (2009). Stress Resources in Iran's Soccer Professional Referees. Olympic journal, 48 (Persian)
3.Arab narmi, B. (2018). TV and sports development; A study with the theory of discourse approach. Journal of Communication Management in Sports Media, 5 (20), 53-62. (Persian)
4.Biryukov , N. s. (1993). Television and its Doctrine in the West, translated by Mohammad Hafezi, Tehran: Center for Media Studies and Research , 70 
5.Bizzini M (2010). Injuries and musculoskeletal complaints in football referees.
6.Buyukkantarcioglu, N. (1999). Favouritism in Sport Discourse, Hacett eppe Universitesi EdebiyatFakultesi Dergisi, 16 (2), 117-130.
7.Colwell, S. (2000). The letterand the spirit: Football laws and refereeing in the twenty-first century. Soccer & Society, (1), 22
8.Dohmen, T. (2003). In Support of the Supporters? Do social forces shape decisions of the impartial?, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). 1-23
9.Fairclough, N. (2000). Critical Discourse Analysis, Translated by Mohammad Nabavi, Mehran Mohajer), Tehran: Center for Media Studies and Research. 119-145  (Persian)
10.Farhadbighi, P, Bagherian, F, Khoramibnarak, A, (2011). Investigating the accuracy and speed of intuitive, quasi-rational and analytical judgment under external stress. Social Psychology Research, (2), 71-72 (Persian)
11.Gardiner, S.  & Felix, A. (1995). Juridification of the Football Field: Strategies for Giving Law the Elbow", Marquette Sports Law Review, 5 (2) Spring
12.Gholamian, J, Golzar, S, Hosseini, S. & Talebpour, M. (2009). Investigating the Exhaustion Caused by Judges among Iranian National and International football Referees and its Relationship with Stress level. Sport Management journal, 142-143 (Persian)
13.Jafari Langroudi, M. J, (1993). Terminology of Law, Tehran: Ganj Danesh Publishing, 372  (Persian)
14.Jorgensen, M &  Philips, L. (2014) Discourse Analysis as Theory and Method , (translated by Hadi Jalili, Tehran: Ney. 110-230 
15.Karimi Firouzjaie, A.& Iraqi yazdan Parast, P. (1397). Investigating the news headlines of Persepolis & esteghlal derbies from the perspective of critical discourse analysis. Journal of Communication Management in Sport Media, 5 (3), 27-38. (Persian)
16.Lazar, J. (2001), Public opinion, translation of Morteza Khatibi, Tehran: Ney.  86-87 (In Persian)
17.Loghmani, M,  Ramezaninejad, R, (2014), The role of the main characteristics of the job in the estimation of the occupational affiliation of Iranian referees. New approaches in management of sport, (3), 58 . (Persian)
18.Mahdizadeh, S. M (2015). Secularism and Symbolic Violence in Television Discourse: Discourse Analysis of Persian TV Broadcasting Program pargar. Journal of Culture- Communication Studies, 16 (31), 118  (Persian)
19.Mahdizadeh, S.M. (2004). Representation of Iran in the Western press: critical Discourse analysis of the New York Times, "Guardian", "Le Monde", "De Velt", [Ph.D]. Social Communication Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University. (persian)
20.Matson, D, (2013), Media Discourse: Analysis of Media Texts, Translated by Abdolhossein Kalantari and Behzad Ahmadi, Tehran, Office of Media Studies and Planning, 10-20.
21.Moghadami, M. (2011), Theory of laclau and mouffe's Discourse Analysis and its Critique, Journal of Cultural Social Knowledge, (2), 93 . (Persian).
22. Motahari, M, (2013). Comparison of Football Referee's Burnout Based on their Degrees and Referees, [MSc]. Management and Planning in Physical Education, Allameh Tabataba'i University; 372 . (Persian)
23.Pohlkamp, S. (2014), The impact of referees on match outcomes in professional sports: Evidence from the German Football Bundesliga] June24, 5-7
24.Sahragard, R. & Rahimi, S. A (2017), Critical Discourse Analysis Of Football Reports: The case of Real Madrid official Website, 2nd international conference on modern approach in humanities, management, economics and accounting, paris, france. (Persian)
 25.Soltani, S. A. A (2005).Power, Discourse and Language, Tehran: Publishing Ney. 58. (Persian)
26.Tanamati, S.J & Shamir, L.  (2016), Quantitative Analysis of Penalty Kicks and Yellow Card Referee Decisions in Soccer], American Journal of Sports Science; 4(5), 84.
27.Webb, T. (2018). Referees and the Media: A Difficult Relationship but an Unavoidable], Journal Soccer & Society. 2 (19), 3
28.Weinberg, R &., Richardson, P. A. (2011), Psychology of the Referee, Translated by siroos Choobineh, Tehran: Omid Danesh.