تحلیل شناختی ورزش در فضای مجازی مبتنی برنظریه آمیختگی مفهومی (CIN)

سراج, سارا; سبزواری, مهدی

doi:10.30473/jsm.2023.69067.1791

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ استادیار مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

² استادیار زبانشناسی همگانی، دانشکده ادبیات و زبان‌های خارجی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

https://doi.org/10.30473/jsm.2023.69067.1791

چکیده

ورزش الکترونیکی به صورت برخط و آفلاین در برابر ورزش حضوری و مرسوم در دهه اخیر گسترش فراگیری داشته است. پژوهش در علوم ورزشی نیز مانند سایر حوزه‌های پژوهشی می‌تواند از یافته‌های نظری رویکردهای شناختی بهره‌مند شود. در پژوهش حاضر، با اتکا به نظریه شناختی آمیختگی مفهومی که در پژوهش‌های بین‌رشته‌ای دیگری نیز مورد توجه قرار گرفته است، زوایای متفاوتی از آموزش و ورزش در فضای مجازی مورد تحلیل قرار می‌گیرند. با بهره‌گیری از نتایج پژوهش حاضر، مربیان این حوزه می‌توانند بهره‌وری ورزش مجازی خود را ارتقا بخشند. پژوهش حاضر در چارچوب نظریه شناختی آمیختگی مفهومی و مبتنی بر روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی است. در این پژوهش برای گردآوری داده‌ها از تحلیل محتوی نمونه رده‌های ورزشی ده نفر از مربیان با تجربه در زمینه ورزش مجازی با تحصیلات کارشناسی ارشد در رشته تربیت‌بدنی که در دسترس محققان بوده‌اند بهره برده شده است. فرضیه اصلی پژوهش حاضر عبارت است از اینکه می‌توان با بهره‌گیری از مبانی و یافته‌های نظریه شناختی آمیختگی مفهومی، محتوی آموزش ورزش در فضای مجازی را تحلیل و بررسی کرد و با استفاده از یافته‌های این پژوهش کیفیت کلاس‌های ورزش در فضای مجازی را ارتقاء داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

مهارت های ارتباطی در ورزش

عنوان مقاله [English]

Cognitive Analysis of Online E-sport Based on the Conceptual Integration Network Theory (CIN)

نویسندگان [English]

SARA SERAJ ¹
mehdi sabzevari ²

¹ Assistant professor of Sport Management , Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

² Assistant professor of linguistics, Faculty member of literature and linguistics, Payame Noor Universify, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

E-sports, encompassing online and offline activities as well as training classes, have experienced significant growth over the last decade. It is widely acknowledged that sports performance is multifaceted, resulting from the interaction of various factors such as physiological fitness, psychological preparedness, physical development, cultural awareness, nutrition, genetics, general health, and sociocultural influences. Recently, a new dimension—E-sports and distance sports—has emerged, characterized by its unique attributes. Both traditional sports and E-sports share a common foundation: they involve movements and activities that enhance health, both physically and mentally. This research will utilize principles and findings from a cognitive theory known as the Conceptual Integration Network (CIN) to analyze E-sports and assess the potential effectiveness of cognitive awareness for E-sport coaches and managers. CIN suggests basic relationships that allow for the analysis of various aspects of distance sports training. After collecting data from respondents who are active trainers in distance sports training in Iran, an analysis was conducted based on the inputs and outputs defined by CIN, focusing on essential relationships across different aspects of selected distance sports activities. The primary hypothesis of this interdisciplinary research is that CIN analysis can contribute to enhancing cognitive knowledge, education, and training in E-sports.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

E-sport
Cognitive Analysis
Conceptual Integration Network Theory(CIN)
Vital relations

مراجع

Abanazir, C. (2019). Institutionalisation in E-Sports. Sport, Ethics and Philosophy, 13(2), 117–131.https://doi.org/10.1080/17511321.2018.1453538

Asgari, Z. & Elahi, A.(2022). The Interaction of Electronic sports and Sports Marketing: Theoretical Concepts and Research Applications. Sport Management and Development.Accepted Manuscript.Available Online. Persian. https://doi.org/10.22124/jsmd.2021.18939.2518

Benczes, R. (2006). Creative Compounding in English. Amsterdam: John Benjamin.

Bertschy, M., Muhlbacher, H., & Desbordes, M. (2020). Esports extension of a football brand:Stakeholder co-creation in action? European Sport Management Quarterly, 20(1), 4768.https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2019.1689281

Bonnar, D., Castine, B., Kakoschke, N., & Sharp, G. (2019). Sleep and performance in Eathletes: For the win! Sleep Health, 5(6), 647–650https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2019.06.007

Brickell, A. (2017). Addressing integrity and regulatory risks in esports: The responsibility of thewhole ESports community. Gaming Law Review, 21(8), 603–609.https://doi.org/10.1089/glr2.2017.21810

Brown, K. A., Billings, A. C., Murphy, B., & Puesan, L. (2018). Intersections of fandom in the age of interactive media: ESports fandom as a predictor of traditional sport fandom. Communication & Sport, 6(4), 418–435.https://doi.org/10.1177/2167479517727286

Coates, D. & Parshakov, P. & Paklina, S. (2020). Do managers matter: Evidence from E-Sports. Contemporary Economic Policy, 38(2), 304–312. https://doi.org/10.1111/coep.12442

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Review of the literature. In H. Salmon, C. Neve, M. Cunningham, G. B., Fairley, S., Ferkins, L., Kerwin, S., Lock, D., Shaw, S., & Wicker, P. (2018). eSport: Construct specifications and implications for sport management. Sport Management Review, 21(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2017.11.002

Cushen, P., Rife, S., & Wann, D. (2019). The emergence of a new type of sport fan: Comparing the fandom, motivational profiles, and identification of electronic and traditional sport fans. Journal of Sport Behavior, 42(2), 127–141.

Fanjul-Peyro, C., Gonzalez-Onate, C., & Pena-Hernandez, P.-J. (2019). eGamers’ influence in brand advertising strategies. A comparative study between Spain and Korea. Comunicar: Media Education Research Journal, 27(58), 105–113. https://doi.org/10.3916/C58-2019-10

Fauconnier G. & Turner, M. (2002). The way we think: Conceptual blending and the mind’shidden complexities. New York: Basic Books.

Fleger, S., Sacha L. Schmidt(2022), Strategic management in eSports – a systematic review of the literature. SPORT MANAGEMENT REVIEW 2022, VOL. 25, NO. 4, 631–655.https://doi.org/10.1080/14413523.2021.1974222

Funk, D. C., Pizzo, A. D., & Baker, B. J. (2018). eSport management: Embracing eSport education and research opportunities. Sport Management Review, 21(1), 7–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr. 2017.07.008

Grant, R. M. (2016). Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition (9th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.

Hallmann, K., & Giel, T. (2018). Esports – Competitive sports or recreational activity? Sport Management Review, 21(1), 14–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2017.07.011

Hassani, R. & Nemati, N.& Bagherpour, T.(2023).Identifying and validating strategies affecting the development of e-sport clubs in Iran. Communication Management in Sport Media.Vol 11. Issue 1. Serial 41. Perian.https://doi.org/10.30473/jsm.2022.62905.1599

Heere, B. (2018). Embracing the sportification of society: Defining e-sports through a polymorphic view of sport. Sport Management Review, 21(1), 21–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2017.07.002

Hienerth, C., von Hippel, E., & Berg Jensen, M. (2014). User community vs. producer innovation development efficiency: A first empirical study. Research Policy, 43(1), 190–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2013.07.010

Holzmayer, F., & Schmidt, S. L. (2020). Dynamic managerial capabilities, firm resources, and related business diversification – Evidence from the English Premier League. Journal of Business Research,117, 132–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.202005.044

Huk, T. (2019). The social context of the benefits achieved in eSport. The New Educational Review, 55(1), 160–169. https://doi.org/10.15804/tner.2019.55.1.13

Ibrahim, F., & Lewis, L. (2020). Just a game? Adoption of franchising in Esports. Franchise Law Journal, 39(3), 371–386.

Jenny, S. E., Manning, R. D., Keiper, M. C., & Olrich, T. W. (2017). Virtual(ly) athletes: Where eSports fit within the definition of “Sport”. Quest, 69(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2016.1144517

Karimi, M.& Majedi, N.& Safari, L.& Kalhor, H.(2023). Designing a virtual business development model in the field of sports services. Strategic Studies on Youth and Sports. Volume 21, Issue 58. 313-330. Persian. https://doi.org/10.22034/ssys.2022.1783.2267

Ke, X., & Wagner, C. (2020). Global pandemic compels sport to move to eSports: Understanding from brand extension perspective. Managing Sport and Leisure. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2020.1792801

Lakoff, G.(1987). Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal About the Mind. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-46804-6.

Langacker, R.(1987) Foundations of Cognitive Grammar, Volume I, Theoretical Prerequisites. Ronald W. Langacker. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1987. ISBN 0-8047-1261-1.

Langacker, R.(1991).Foundations of Cognitive Grammar, Volume II, Descriptive Application. Ronald W. Langacker. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1991. ISBN 0-8047-1909-8.

Martin-Niedecken, A. L., & Schattin, A. (2020). Let the body’n’brain games begin: Toward innovativetraining approaches in eSports athletes. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg. 2020.00138

Matsui, A., Sapienza, A., & Ferrara, E. (2019). Does streaming Esports affect players’ behavior and performance? Games and Culture, 15(1), 9–31.https://doi.org/10.1177/1555412019838095

Mousavi, S, T.& Dehghani, M.(2020).The significance and role of cyber space in development of country sport and suggesting patterns. Jocrisar Journal. Vol 2, No. 15. 34-44. Persian.

Newman, J. I., Xue, H., Watanabe, N. M., Yan, G., & McLeod, C. M. (2020). Gaming gone viral: An analysis of the emerging Esports narrative economy. Communication & Sport, 216747952096103. Advance online publication.

https://doi.org/10.1177/2167479520961036

Newzoo (2020, November 17). 2020 global Esports market report. https://newzoo.com/insights/articles/newzoo-coronavirus-impact-on-the-esports-market-business-revenues

Parshakov, P., Coates, D., & Zavertiaeva, M. (2018). Is diversity good or bad?: Evidence from eSports teams analysis. Applied Economics, 50(47), 5064–5075. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2018.1470315

Parshakov, P., & Zavertiaeva, M. (2018). Determinants of performance in eSports: A country-level analysis. International Journal of Sport Finance, 13(1), 34–51.

Pedraza-Ramirez, I., Musculus, L., Raab, M., & Laborde, S. (2020). Setting the scientific stage for esports psychology: A systematic review. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 13 (1), 319–352. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2020.1723122

Pizzo, A. D., Baker, B. J., Na, S., Lee, M. A., Kim, D., & Funk, D. C. (2018). eSport vs sport: A comparison of spectator motives. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 27(2), 108–123. https://doi.org/10.3390/ su12198270

Pluss, M. A., Bennett, K. J. M., Novak, A. R., Panchuk, D., Coutts, A. J., & Fransen, J. (2019). Esports: The chess of the 21st century. Frontiers in Psychology,10.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00156

Pourshahian, B,& Najafian, A. & Roushan, B.& Sabzevari, M.(2021). The study of Persian compound adjectives on the basis of conceptual blending theory. Zabanpazhuhi Journal. Volume 13, Issue 40.Pages 167-197. Persian.

https://doi.org/10.22051/jlr.2020.24142.1644

Qian, T. Y., Wang, J. J., Zhang, J. J., & Hulland, J. (2020). Fulfilling the basic psychological needs of esports fans: A self-determination theory approach. Communication & Sport, 216747952094387. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167479520943875

Qian, T. Y., Wang, J. J., Zhang, J. J., & Lu, L. Z. (2019). It is in the game: Dimensions of eSports online spectator motivation and development of a scale. European Sport Management Quarterly, 20(4), 458–479. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2019.1630464

Qian, T. Y., Zhang, J., Wang, J. J., & Hulland, J. (2019). Beyond the game: Dimensions of Esports online spectator demand. Communication & Sport, 8(6), 825–851. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167479519839436

Razavi, S. & Majedi, N. & Mohammadian, F.(2020). Analysis of the Effect of Virtual Communication Networks’ Role on Attitude and Sport Participation of Tehran Citizens. Strategic Studies on Youth and Sports. Volume 19, Issue 47. Pages 223-246. Persian.

Roshan,B. & Ardebili, L.(2016). An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics.Elm publication. Tehran.Persian

Rogers, R., Farquhar, L., & Mummert, J. (2020a). Audience response to endemic and non-endemic sponsors of esports events. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 21(3), 561–576. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-09-2019-0107

Rudolf, K., Bickmann, P., Frobose, I., Tholl, C., Wechsler, K., & Grieben, C. (2020). Demographics and health behavior of video game and eSports players in Germany: The eSports study 2019. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,17(6), 1870. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061870

Sabzevari,M.(2018). Types of Polysemy in Standard Persian: A Cognitive Approach. Language Related Research. 2018; 9 (3) :251-271.Persian.URL:http://lrr.modares.ac.ir/article-14-845-fa.html

Saroukhani, B.(2014). Research Methods in Social Sciences(Vol. 1). IHCS publication. Tehran. Persian

Schmidt, S. L. (2020). 21st century sports. How technologies will change sports in the digital age. Cham:Springer.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50801-2 654

Scholz, T. M. (2019). eSports is business. Management in the world of competitive gaming. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11199-1

Sefati, S, & Ghorbani, S. & R. Shirazi(2023). Explanation and prioritization of the factors affecting the sports diplomacy in cyberspace. Communication Managemet in Sport Media.Vol 23,Issue 4, No 40. Persian.https://doi.org/10.30473/jsm.2022.61351.1577.

Trent, L. D., & Shafer, D. M. (2020). Extending disposition theory of sports spectatorship to eSports. International Journal of Communication, 14, 1049–1069. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/ view/11851

Turtiainen, R., Friman, U., & Ruotsalainen, M. (2020). “Not only for a celebration of competitive overwatch but also for national pride”: Sportificating the overwatch world cup 2016. Games and Culture, 15(4), 351–371. https://doi.org/10.1177/1555412018795791

Yousefi, B.& Khazaei, A.&.Ghobadi Yeganeh, A,.(2014). Identify and ranking motivation factors in virtual soccer consumption (video games) among Iranian male adolescents. Communication Management in Sport Media. Volume 1, Issue 2, No.2. Persian.