تلویزیون و توسعه ورزش؛ مطالعه ای با رویکرد نظریه گفتمان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه علوم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه دامغان، دامغان، ایران

چکیده

تلویزیون مهم‌ترین و تأثیرگذارترین رسانه در توسعه ابعاد مختلف ورزش است. این تحلیل در پی پاسخ به این سؤال است که تلویزیون چه تعریفی از توسعه ورزش در جامعه مطرح و آن را نقد، تفسیر و ترویج می‌نماید. بدین منظور طیفی  از متون تلویزیونی، گفتگوها و مشاهدات موردبررسی قرار داده شد و ارتباط بین نشانه‌ها بر اساس توصیف مفاهیم نظریه گفتمان لاکلا و موف (1985) تبیین گردید. مهم‎ترین دستاورد این تحلیل، شناسایی دو گفتمان ورزش نخبگی و گفتمان ورزش مشارکتی به‌عنوان دو گفتمان متقابل در تلویزیون است؛ تحلیل مصاحبه‌ها  و متون تلویزیونی نشان می‌دهد، مفاهیمی همچون توسعه، ورزش، ورزشکار، بودجه و امکانات، معنای خود را از گفتمان ورزش نخبگی دریافت می‌کنند و گفتمان ورزش نخبگی در رسانه، گفتمان ورزش مشارکتی را به حاشیه رانده است. آنچه برای پژوهشگران حوزه تربیت‌بدنی و علوم ورزشی حائز اهمیت است درک شرایط مفاهیم توسعه ورزش بر مبنای تقویت و تضعیف گفتمان‌های غالب در فضای تلویزیون است. بدین معنی که توسعه ورزش در چه قالبی از دانش، تجربه، تجزیه‌وتحلیل سیاسی و سیاست‌گذاری رسانه، عادی‌سازی و نهادینه می‌گردد؟

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Sport Development in TV; a Study by Discourse Theory Approach

نویسنده [English]

  • Bita Arabnarmi
Assistant Professor, School of Humanities, Department of Sport Science, Damghan University
چکیده [English]

TV is one of the most influential media in development of various sport fields. This study, trying to answer this question: how  TV define development of sport in society,  and how criticism and interpretation this  concept. For this purpose, a range of TV texts, conversations and observations has been examined. Connection between elements and points was expressed based on the concepts of discourse theory of Laclau and Mouffe (1985). Sport development in television cannot take into account without describing the unequal incidence of discourses; they are named  high level (elite) and participation (public). Analysis of interviews and television texts show that many concepts such as development, sports, athletics, budget, and facilities, get their meaning from elite sports discourse. The results also show elite sport discourse     has marginalized participation discourse. Understanding the conditions of development of sport based on the strengthening and weakening of dominant discourses on television is important for researchers in the field of Physical Education and Sport Sciences. This means that the normalization and institutionalization of the concept of sports development takes shape in how form of knowledge, experience, political analysis and media policy.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Development
  • Discourse Theory
  • Laclau and Mouffe
  • Sport
  • TV

مراجع

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 17 بهمن 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 05 مرداد 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 13 مرداد 1397

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