چارچوب مفهومی رشد شرکت‌های چندملیتی در صنعت ورزش ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد جهرم، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه جهرم، جهرم، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد جهرم، ایران.

4 دانشیار، گروه مدیریت ورزشی، پژوهشگاه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

هدف از این پژوهش ارائه چارچوب مفهومی رشد شرکت‌های صنعت ورزش ایران در مقیاس بین‌المللی و چندملیتی بود. روش تحقیق از نوع تحقیقات کیفی با رویکرد تحلیل تماتیک بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل کلیه صاحب‌نظران علمی (اساتید دانشگاه‌ها) و اجرایی (مدیران و کارشناسان سازمانی و شرکتی) حوزه موضوع پژوهش بود. انتخاب نمونه به تعداد لازم جهت رسیدن به اشباع نظری و به روش نمونه‌گیری گلوله برفی انجام شد (16 نفر). ابزار پژوهش مصاحبه نیمه اکتشافی (هدایت شده) بود. روایی نتایج پژوهش براساس شایستگی حرفه‌ای نمونه مصاحبه شده، روایی محتوایی چارچوب مصاحبه، میزان توافق مصححان کدگذاری (2 پژوهشگر خبره: 73/0) تایید شد. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده کدگذاری چهار مرحله‌ای متناسب با روش تحقیق انجام شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد که چارچوب مفهومی مستخرج شامل؛ 4 تم کلی، 10 تم اصلی، 47 تم فرعی و 164 مفهوم محوری است. تم‌های کلی شامل زمینه‌یابی سطح جهانی برای کسب وکار ورزشی چندملیتی، بستر بین‌المللی‌سازی در اقتصاد و صنعت ورزش کشور، ظرفیت‌سازی رویکرد چندملیتی در شرکت‌های ورزشی کشور و سازوکارها و کارکردهای رشد شرکت‌های ورزشی چندملیتی بود. براساس نتایج می‌توان گفت که رشد شرکت‌های چندملیتی در صنعت ورزش نیازمند شناخت شرایط و عوامل اثرگذار در محیط بین‌المللی و داخلی صنعت ورزش به همراه ظرفیت‌سازی و بین‌المللی‌سازی ابعاد و سازوکارهای سیستم کسب وکار در شرکت‌های ورزشی است. بنابراین پیشنهاد می‌شود از چارچوب ارائه شده برای تبیین و کاربست الگوی کسب وکار شرکتی در مقیاس بین‌المللی و چندملیتی برای صنعت ورزش کشور در فضای دانشگاهی، دولتی، صنعتی و رسانه‌ای ورزش کشور استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The conceptual framework of the growth of multinational companies in Iran's sports industry

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Paran 1
  • Mohammadsadegh Afrozeh 2
  • ebrahim khoshnam 3
  • Hossein Zareian 4
1 Ph.D Student, Department of sports management, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom branch, Jahrom, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Sports Management, Jahrom University, Jahrom, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Sports Management, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom Branch, Jahrom, Iran.
4 Associate Professor, Department of Sports Management, Research Institute of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

This study aimed to develop a conceptual framework for the growth of Iranian sports industry companies on an international and multinational scale. This qualitative research employed a thematic analysis approach. The study population included academic experts (university professors) and industry executives (organizational managers and corporate professionals) within the research domain. The sample size, determined based on theoretical saturation, was selected using the snowball sampling method (16participants). Data were collected through semi-structured (guided) interviews. The validity of the findings was stablished through the professional competence of the interviews, content validity of the interview framework, and coding reliability (inter-rater agreement 0.73, assessed by two expert researchers). Data analysis was conducted using a four-step coding process aligned with the research methodology. The results revealed a conceptual framework comprising four overarching themes, ten primary themes, 47 sub-themes, and 164 core concepts. The overarching themes included global positioning for multinational sports businesses, the foundation for internationalization within the national economy and sports industry, capacity-building for adopting a multinational approach in domestic sports companies, and the mechanisms and functions driving the growth of multinational sports companies. The findings suggest that the growth of multinational companies in the sports industry hinges on understanding international and domestic environmental factors, coupled with capacity-building and internationalization of business systems in sports enterprises. It is recommended that the proposed framework be utilized to design and implement corporate business models on an international and multinational scale across academic, governmental, industrial, and media sectors within the national sports landscape.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • sports company
  • international business
  • international market
  • sports market
  • sports business
Alavi, S., Pourzare, M., Farzad, G., & Mahmoudi, A. (2021). The Consequences of International Sanctions on the Sports Industry. Applied Research in Sport Management, 10(1), 115-125.‏ (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.30473/arsm.2021.7985
Badkoobei, M., & Esfidani, M. R. (2022). Designing a model of international marketing strategy and export performance in small and medium-sized companies. Journal of Strategic Management Studies, 13(52), 255-285.‏ (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22034/SMSJ.2022.163805
Baena, V. (2019). Global marketing strategy in professional sports. Lessons from FC Bayern Munich. Soccer & Society, 20(4), 660-674. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2017.1379399
Bouchet, P., & Sobry, C. (2019). Sports tourism: contemporary issues and new trends on a global market. In The global sport economy (pp. 295-317). Routledge.  
Brewer, B. D. (2019). The commercial transformation of world football and the North–South divide: A global value chain analysis. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 54(4), 410-430.‏
Brewster, C. (2017). Human resource practices in multinational companies. The Blackwell Handbook of Cross‐Cultural Management, 126-141. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405164030.ch7
De Mooij, M. (2019). Consumer behavior and culture: Consequences for global marketing and advertising. SAGE Publications Ltd.
Ebrahimi, A., Khatibi, A., Pour, A. M., & Marashian, H. (2021). Identification of Internal and External Factors Affecting the Development of Sporting Goods Export.‏ Research in Sports Management and Motor Behavior, 11(21), 124-142. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.52547/JRSM.11.21.124
Fakhri, F. (2016). Designing a model of factors affecting the share of sports products in the country's foreign trade. Specialized doctoral thesis of Mazandaran University, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. (In Persian).
Fallah Kazemi, M., Farahani, A., & Ghasemi, H. (2023). Competitive Model of Iranian Sportswear Brands to enter International Markets. Applied Research in Sport Management, 12(1), 12-24.‏ (In Persian). https://doi.org/1030473/arsm.2023.9937
Farzam, V., Taleghani, F., Yousefi, A. (2018). Investigating the comparative advantage and competitive advantage of Iran's selected sports goods exports. Sports Management and Development, 8(3), 1-16. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22124/JSMD.2019.3780
Froese, F. J., Sutherland, D., Lee, J. Y., Liu, Y., & Pan, Y. (2019). Challenges for foreign companies in China: Implications for research and practice. Asian Business & Management, 18, https://doi.org/10.1057/s41291-019-00084-0    
Garcia-del-Barrio, P., & Pujol, F. (2020). Recruiting talent in a global sports market: appraisals of soccer players' transfer fees. Managerial Finance, 47(6), 789-811. https://doi.org/10.1108/MF-04-2020-0213
Geeraert, A., & Drieskens, E. (2017). Normative Market Europe: the EU as a force for good in international sports governance?. Journal of European Integration, 39(1), 79-94. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2016.1256395
Giulianotti, R., & Numerato, D. (2018). Global sport and consumer culture: An introduction. Journal of consumer culture, 18(2), 229-240. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540517744691
Haji Ismaili, M., Darabpour, M. (2023). Global agreement as a supplementary agreement to regulate multinational companies. public law research, 26(85), 229-262. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22054/qjpl.2024.75409.2927
Harjito, D. A., Alam, M. M., & Ayu Kusuma Dewi, R. (2021). Impacts of international sports events on the stock market: evidence from the announcement of the 18th asian games and 30th southeast asian games. International Journal of Sport Finance, 16(3), 139-147. https://doi.org/10.32731/ijsf/163.082021.03
Herold, D. M., Joachim, G., Frawley, S., & Schulenkorf, N. (2022). The Role of Logistics in and for Global Sport Events. In Managing Global Sport Events: Logistics and Coordination (pp. 7-29). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80262-041-220221002
Hosseini Moghaddam, M., Zare, A., Paseban, M., & Zamani, S. G. (2021). Supervision of the multinational company of the country of origin; Challenge of cross-border Competence and responsibility. Medical Law Journal, 15, 109-124.‏ (In Persian). http://ijmedicallaw.ir/article-1-1346-en.html
Jamshidi, O., Hamidi, M., & Khabiri, M. (2015). Analysis of the competitive situation in the sports apparel industry using Porter's competitive model. Applied Research in Sport Management, 4(1), 105-115.‏ (In Persian).
Kalashi, M., Naghipour Givi, B., & Khosravi Pour, Z. (2024). Identifying factors affecting the development of economic diplomacy in Iranian sports. Sport Physiology & Management Investigations, 16(3), 111-130. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22034/spmi.2024.417433.2526
Kammerer, A., Dilger, T., & Ploder, C. (2020, December). Emotional Branding—Identifying the Difference between Nike and Adidas. In Global, Regional and Local Perspectives on the Economies of Southeastern Europe: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on the Economies of the Balkan and Eastern European Countries (EBEEC) in Bucharest, Romania, 2019 (pp. 287-297). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57953-1_18
Kashkar, S., Honri, H., Faraji, R. (2014). The role of the international exhibition of sports goods and equipment in the development of the market of these products with an emphasis on mixed sports marketing (5ps). Journal of Sports Management, 7(2), 221-235. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22059/jsm.2015.55167
Khodadadi, MR., Shirafken, M., Masumzadeh, S., Farid Fathi, M. (2018). Export convergence of sports goods group in Iran: generalized torque approach. Sports Management Studies, 11(53), 17-32. (In Persian).
Kumar, M., & Bhalla, S. (2021). Global sports market today: An overview. International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health, 8(4), 223-225.
Li, H. (2022, April). Research on How Products and Marketing Strategy Affects the Market Shares of Nike and Adidas. In 2022 International Conference on Creative Industry and Knowledge Economy (CIKE 2022) (pp. 197-202). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.220404.037
Lyu, X. (2022). [Retracted] Influence of High‐Performance Composite Sports Equipment on Brand International Sports Marketing Strategy. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering2022(1), 3959628.https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3959628
Mohammadi, F., Kalate, M., Razavi, SMH, Farsijani, H. (2024). empowerment of export performance of sports products A world class. Journal of Sport Management and Motor Behavior, 20(39), 37-1 (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22080/jsmb.2024.14545.2903
Nhamo, G., Dube, K., & Chikodzi, D. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on the global sporting industry and related tourism. In counting the cost of COVID-19 on the global tourism industry (pp. 225-249). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56231-1_10
Nowrozi, N., Masoom, M. (2017). Designing a model of effective factors in the export performance of sports equipment manufacturing companies. Sports Management Studies (Research in Sports Sciences), 10(51), 141-164. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22089/smrj.2018.5612.2117
Owusu Ansah, M., & Louw, L. (2019). The influence of national culture on organizational culture of multinational companies. Cogent Social Sciences, 5(1), 1623648. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2019.1623648
Rasiah, R., & Ren, Y. (2023). Sustainable management of a leading Chinese telecommunication multinational: A case study of company X in host country Malaysia. Cleaner and Responsible Consumption, 8, 100092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clrc.2022.100092
Rasool Roysi, M., Yousefi, H., Mahmoudi, I. (2022). Presenting a model for international marketing of Iranian startups (case study: Iranian virtual service startups). Journal of Marine Science and Technology, 12, 34-57. (In Persian).
Mudambi, R., & Swift, T. (2010). Technological clusters and multinational enterprise R&D strategy. In The Past, Present and Future of International Business & Management (pp. 461-478). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.‏ (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.1108/S157-5027(2010)00000230025
Sadeghi, S. (2021). The effect of e-commerce on the development of Iranian sports goods exports. Master's thesis of Kharazmi University. (In Persian).
Saleh Nia, R., Bakhsandeh, H., Hakakzadeh, M. (2023). Phenomenological analysis of factors affecting the success of Iranian sports goods export. Sports Management Studies, 15(80), 59-74. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22089/smrj.2022.11249.3475
Sarlab, R., Askarian, F., & Asgharpour, H. (2020). The effect of the inflationary environment on the degree of pass-through of the exchange rate on the import price index of sports goods of Iran and its trading partners. Sport Management and Development, 9(1), 44-59.‏ (In Persian).
Serrano, R., Lacerda, D. P., Cassel, R. A., Rodrigues, L. H., & Soares, P. F. (2018). Systemic analysis of the soccer (football) value chain: Learning from the Brazilian context. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 31(3), 269-291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213-017-9425-8
Wu, J., & Park, S. H. (2019). The role of international institutional complexity on emerging market multinational companies’ innovation. Global Strategy Journal, 9(2), 333-353. https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1166
Yousefi Zarandi, M H., Sharifian, E., Kahraman Tabrizi, K. (2015). Obstacles to the competitiveness of domestic products with foreign samples in the production sector of Iran's sports industry. Contemporary researches in sports management, 6(11), 73-83. (In Persian).