Payame Noor University Communication Management in Sport Media 2345-5578 11 1 2023 09 23 Psychometrics of Communication Literacy Questionnaire in Physical Education Students of Payame Noor University Psychometrics of Communication Literacy Questionnaire in Physical Education Students of Payame Noor University 15 30 8184 10.30473/jsm.2021.61708.1580 FA Hamid Ghasemi Associate Prof. in Department of Sport Management, Payam Noor, Tehran, Iran. Nazanin Rasekh Assistant Prof. in Department of Sport Management, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-3568-2916 Journal Article 2021 11 15 The aim of the psychometric research was to assess the communication literacy questionnaire among physical education students at Payame Noor University. The research was conducted using a descriptive-survey method, with a developmental objective, and in a field setting. The statistical population consisted of undergraduate physical education students at Payame Noor University (99-98), and a sample of 250 individuals completed the research tool in a non-random accessible manner. A researcher-made questionnaire about the components and indicators of communication literacy was used to collect the data. The validity of the questionnaire structure was confirmed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and its convergent and discriminant validity, as well as reliability, were assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and various fit indices (absolute, relative, and parsimonious). The findings indicated that communication literacy is measurable through three constructs: "sensory, specialized, and relational levels." The sensory construct is measurable with five skill indicators: "observation, listening, smelling, tasting, and touching." The specialized construct is assessable with fifteen skills: "speaking, writing, body language, reading, working with communication technologies, intercultural literacy, advertising literacy, civic literacy, organizational communication, public relations, international relations, emotional intelligence, financial, commercial, and communication research." The relational level construct is also measurable with five communication skill indicators: "intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, public, and transpersonal." Ultimately, it can be concluded that the communication literacy questionnaire is an effective tool for assessing the communication levels of undergraduate physical education students, considering the group nature of the physical education field. With the necessary training, it can lead to improving and developing the understanding and comprehension of various communication methods within the targeted community. The aim of the psychometric research was to assess the communication literacy questionnaire among physical education students at Payame Noor University. The research was conducted using a descriptive-survey method, with a developmental objective, and in a field setting. The statistical population consisted of undergraduate physical education students at Payame Noor University (99-98), and a sample of 250 individuals completed the research tool in a non-random accessible manner. A researcher-made questionnaire about the components and indicators of communication literacy was used to collect the data. The validity of the questionnaire structure was confirmed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and its convergent and discriminant validity, as well as reliability, were assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and various fit indices (absolute, relative, and parsimonious). The findings indicated that communication literacy is measurable through three constructs: "sensory, specialized, and relational levels." The sensory construct is measurable with five skill indicators: "observation, listening, smelling, tasting, and touching." The specialized construct is assessable with fifteen skills: "speaking, writing, body language, reading, working with communication technologies, intercultural literacy, advertising literacy, civic literacy, organizational communication, public relations, international relations, emotional intelligence, financial, commercial, and communication research." The relational level construct is also measurable with five communication skill indicators: "intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, public, and transpersonal." Ultimately, it can be concluded that the communication literacy questionnaire is an effective tool for assessing the communication levels of undergraduate physical education students, considering the group nature of the physical education field. With the necessary training, it can lead to improving and developing the understanding and comprehension of various communication methods within the targeted community. https://sportmedia.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_8184_d446a98e97ad22f3a46481d8b2d3fda4.pdf

Payame Noor University Communication Management in Sport Media 2345-5578 11 1 2023 09 23 Providing a Model for the Development of Smart Sports Tourism with the Internet of Things in Iran Providing a Model for the Development of Smart Sports Tourism with the Internet of Things in Iran 31 46 9311 10.30473/jsm.2022.63345.1608 FA Abolfazl Gerami Department of Sport Science, Yasuj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasuj, Iran. Seyed Ehsan AmirHoseni Associate Professor, Department of Sport Science, Yasuj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasuj, Iran. Farhad Rad Assistant Professor, Department of Computer, Yasuj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasuj, Iran. Journal Article 2022 03 12 The aim of the present research was to present a model for the development of smart sports tourism with the Internet of Things in Iran. The research method was a sequential exploratory (qualitative-quantitative) mixed method. The qualitative population included university professors familiar with the Internet of Things (who had conducted research in this field), experts in the Internet of Things at the Iran IoT Center, and some sports tourism managers who had experience using the Internet of Things. Sampling in the qualitative section was done using purposeful sampling, snowball sampling, and theoretical saturation techniques (20 individuals). Data analysis for the interviews was conducted using coding methods. The quantitative population in this research was the same as the previous section (50 individuals) with a total sample. A researcher-made questionnaire based on the qualitative section was used to collect information in the quantitative section, which was divided into two main parts: demographic characteristics and related questions. This questionnaire consisted of 59 items and was in the form of six main components with a five-point Likert scale (from very high with a score of 5 to very low with a score of 1). In the qualitative section of the research, it was determined that the concepts were identified in the form of 59 conceptual codes and were placed within the six dimensions of the paradigm model. In the quantitative section, it was also determined that each of the six main components of the research had an appropriate fit. The use of the Internet of Things, considering its numerous benefits, is very useful and necessary for the growth of the country's sports tourism industry. Therefore, it is advisable for the country's sports tourism managers to make use of Internet of Things techniques. The aim of the present research was to present a model for the development of smart sports tourism with the Internet of Things in Iran. The research method was a sequential exploratory (qualitative-quantitative) mixed method. The qualitative population included university professors familiar with the Internet of Things (who had conducted research in this field), experts in the Internet of Things at the Iran IoT Center, and some sports tourism managers who had experience using the Internet of Things. Sampling in the qualitative section was done using purposeful sampling, snowball sampling, and theoretical saturation techniques (20 individuals). Data analysis for the interviews was conducted using coding methods. The quantitative population in this research was the same as the previous section (50 individuals) with a total sample. A researcher-made questionnaire based on the qualitative section was used to collect information in the quantitative section, which was divided into two main parts: demographic characteristics and related questions. This questionnaire consisted of 59 items and was in the form of six main components with a five-point Likert scale (from very high with a score of 5 to very low with a score of 1). In the qualitative section of the research, it was determined that the concepts were identified in the form of 59 conceptual codes and were placed within the six dimensions of the paradigm model. In the quantitative section, it was also determined that each of the six main components of the research had an appropriate fit. The use of the Internet of Things, considering its numerous benefits, is very useful and necessary for the growth of the country's sports tourism industry. Therefore, it is advisable for the country's sports tourism managers to make use of Internet of Things techniques. https://sportmedia.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_9311_00801cc6a5e24e6633de3ecc5e85d0cd.pdf

Payame Noor University Communication Management in Sport Media 2345-5578 11 1 2023 09 23 Content Analysis and Review of Articles Related to Women's Sports Management in Iranian Scientific Research Journals Content Analysis and Review of Articles Related to Women's Sports Management in Iranian Scientific Research Journals 47 61 9313 10.30473/jsm.2022.63720.1615 FA Touba Beigmohamadi Master of Sports Management, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran. Behnam Asheghi Ph.D. Student in Sports Management, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran. Mehr Ali Hematinezhad Toli Professor of Sports Management, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran. Samar Atta Jafar Ph.D. Student in Sports Management, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran. Journal Article 2022 04 18 The aim of the present study was to investigate and analyze the content of articles related to women's sports management in scientific journals. The research community included articles from databases such as Civilica, the Regional Center for Information Science and Technology, Zanjan, Magiran, Noor Journals, the Comprehensive Portal of Humanities, the Scientific Information Database of Jihad University, and the Islamic World Science Citation Database, as well as sports management journals in the country. A total of 129 articles were identified through keyword searches including "women's sports," "female sports," and "girls’' sports" in the mentioned databases, which were then subjected to content analysis.<br />The results indicated that these studies could be classified into eight major categories that the most important of which are: 1- Psychological, social, and ideological perspectives, 2- Financial management and marketing, 3- Management and leadership. Among the universities in the country, after the total of open universities, the University of Tehran, the total of Payame Noor universities, and the University of Guilan have been the most engaged in this area. Furthermore, the majority of articles in this field have been published in the Journal of Sports Management at the University of Tehran; additionally, the highest number of citations in this field is related to Persian articles. It is worth mentioning that in over 57% of the research, quantitative research methods were employed. Scientific production in recent years has been met with increased interest. Therefore, given the importance of women's sports in the indicators of sports development, it is recommended that research in this area be expanded through interdisciplinary collaborations. The aim of the present study was to investigate and analyze the content of articles related to women's sports management in scientific journals. The research community included articles from databases such as Civilica, the Regional Center for Information Science and Technology, Zanjan, Magiran, Noor Journals, the Comprehensive Portal of Humanities, the Scientific Information Database of Jihad University, and the Islamic World Science Citation Database, as well as sports management journals in the country. A total of 129 articles were identified through keyword searches including "women's sports," "female sports," and "girls’' sports" in the mentioned databases, which were then subjected to content analysis.<br />The results indicated that these studies could be classified into eight major categories that the most important of which are: 1- Psychological, social, and ideological perspectives, 2- Financial management and marketing, 3- Management and leadership. Among the universities in the country, after the total of open universities, the University of Tehran, the total of Payame Noor universities, and the University of Guilan have been the most engaged in this area. Furthermore, the majority of articles in this field have been published in the Journal of Sports Management at the University of Tehran; additionally, the highest number of citations in this field is related to Persian articles. It is worth mentioning that in over 57% of the research, quantitative research methods were employed. Scientific production in recent years has been met with increased interest. Therefore, given the importance of women's sports in the indicators of sports development, it is recommended that research in this area be expanded through interdisciplinary collaborations. https://sportmedia.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_9313_e6fac7bd5785070494ef5bc8a92ef18b.pdf

Payame Noor University Communication Management in Sport Media 2345-5578 11 1 2023 09 23 Provide a Model of the Requirements and Effects of Video Referee Assistance in the Development of Professional Football Provide a Model of the Requirements and Effects of Video Referee Assistance in the Development of Professional Football 62 77 9323 10.30473/jsm.2022.64414.1635 FA Alborz Hajipour Ph.D. Student Department of Sport Management, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran. Keivan Shabani Moghadam Assistant Professor of Sport Management, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. Mohammad Sajadian Assistant Professor Department of Physical Education, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran. Lena Motallebi Assistant Professor Department of Physical Education, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran. Journal Article 2022 06 13 The purpose of the present research was to present a model of prerequisites and the effects of video assistant refereeing (VAR) in the development of professional football. This research was conducted through qualitative research of the grounded theory type, which is an exploratory method. In this study, the model was developed through a review of the literature, exploratory interviews, and data-driven analysis. To conduct the interviews, a comprehensive statistical population of experts and professors in the field of sports management, who had at least one research publication (research article, presentation, research proposal, book authorship, or translation) in the subject area of the research, was selected. Additionally, football referees and managers from the Iranian Football Federation were included. Purposeful sampling was used to identify these individuals. The sampling continued until theoretical saturation was reached, and ultimately, a total of 18 participants (10 professors and 8 referees and managers) were identified as the sample. Subsequently, the issues were identified in the form of 12 themes and 48 conceptual codes, and were incorporated into the six dimensions of the paradigm model. Factors such as attitudinal, managerial, and media factors were influential on the use of VAR in the development of professional football in Iran. To this end, strategies were proposed, and these strategies were influenced by contextual conditions (infrastructural and cultural) as well as interventionist conditions (human, equipment, legal, and economic). Identifying prerequisites can provide a basis for effective planning for the implementation of this technology, and investigating its effects can lead to efforts to minimize negative consequences. The purpose of the present research was to present a model of prerequisites and the effects of video assistant refereeing (VAR) in the development of professional football. This research was conducted through qualitative research of the grounded theory type, which is an exploratory method. In this study, the model was developed through a review of the literature, exploratory interviews, and data-driven analysis. To conduct the interviews, a comprehensive statistical population of experts and professors in the field of sports management, who had at least one research publication (research article, presentation, research proposal, book authorship, or translation) in the subject area of the research, was selected. Additionally, football referees and managers from the Iranian Football Federation were included. Purposeful sampling was used to identify these individuals. The sampling continued until theoretical saturation was reached, and ultimately, a total of 18 participants (10 professors and 8 referees and managers) were identified as the sample. Subsequently, the issues were identified in the form of 12 themes and 48 conceptual codes, and were incorporated into the six dimensions of the paradigm model. Factors such as attitudinal, managerial, and media factors were influential on the use of VAR in the development of professional football in Iran. To this end, strategies were proposed, and these strategies were influenced by contextual conditions (infrastructural and cultural) as well as interventionist conditions (human, equipment, legal, and economic). Identifying prerequisites can provide a basis for effective planning for the implementation of this technology, and investigating its effects can lead to efforts to minimize negative consequences. https://sportmedia.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_9323_ef1857cfe1491d1df86db425ed82d73c.pdf

Payame Noor University Communication Management in Sport Media 2345-5578 11 1 2023 09 23 Designing a Strategic Decision Model Based on Information and Communication Technology in the Deputy of Physical Education Designing a Strategic Decision Model Based on Information and Communication Technology in the Deputy of Physical Education 78 89 9308 10.30473/jsm.2022.63193.1604 FA Mohamad SediqPormand Ph.D. Student in Sports Management, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran. Mina Hakakzadeh Assistant Professor of Sports Management, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran. Mohsen Manochehri Negad Assistant Professor of Sports Management, Tehran Branch, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2022 02 26 The aim of this research is to design a strategic decision-making model based on information and communication technology in the physical education department of the Ministry of Education. This research has a qualitative approach and uses content analysis and Glaserian approach as the research method. Data collection method includes studying theoretical foundations and conducting in-depth interviews with 15 senior managers of the Ministry of Education and faculty members in the field of sports management with a focus on planning, as well as individuals with executive experience in strategic planning of sports organizations. The validity and reliability of the obtained codes have been confirmed. For data analysis, the continuous comparative method was used in three stages of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, utilizing MAXQDA 11 software. Data analysis indicated that 22 concepts and 4 categories (axial codes) are influential components in strategic decision-making based on information and communication technology in the physical education department of the Ministry of Education, including individual, facilities and infrastructure, and organizational factors. The aim of this research is to design a strategic decision-making model based on information and communication technology in the physical education department of the Ministry of Education. This research has a qualitative approach and uses content analysis and Glaserian approach as the research method. Data collection method includes studying theoretical foundations and conducting in-depth interviews with 15 senior managers of the Ministry of Education and faculty members in the field of sports management with a focus on planning, as well as individuals with executive experience in strategic planning of sports organizations. The validity and reliability of the obtained codes have been confirmed. For data analysis, the continuous comparative method was used in three stages of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, utilizing MAXQDA 11 software. Data analysis indicated that 22 concepts and 4 categories (axial codes) are influential components in strategic decision-making based on information and communication technology in the physical education department of the Ministry of Education, including individual, facilities and infrastructure, and organizational factors. https://sportmedia.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_9308_fd340d5ed87ed6384b9894eb88187669.pdf

Payame Noor University Communication Management in Sport Media 2345-5578 11 1 2023 09 23 Investigating the Effect of Media Consumption Regime on Optimal Body Management of Women Athletes Investigating the Effect of Media Consumption Regime on Optimal Body Management of Women Athletes 90 101 9310 10.30473/jsm.2022.63327.1607 FA Fatemeh Akbarzadeh Ph.D. Student in Sociology, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom Branch, Jahrom, Iran. Majid Reza Karimi Assistant Professor of Sociology, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom Branch, Jahrom, Iran. Karamat Alah Rasekh Associate Professor of Sociology, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom Branch, Jahrom, Iran. Journal Article 2022 03 10 The importance of effective management of female athletes' bodies has made the need to identify the influential variables more important than ever. Considering the significant functions of media consumption patterns, the present research was designed and conducted to investigate the impact of media consumption patterns on the effective management of female athletes' bodies. This research is of an applied nature and was conducted in the field. The research method used was survey-based in terms of data collection. The statistical population consisted of female athletes at the professional sports level for whom precise information on their numbers was not available. Based on the Cochran formula, in the absence of information about the population, a sample of 384 individuals was determined for the research. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire designed based on theoretical foundations and expert opinions. This questionnaire consisted of 18 questions, with 8 questions focusing on media consumption patterns and 10 questions on effective body management. The data analysis of the present research was performed using the structural equation modeling method. All data analysis processes were conducted using SPSS and PLS software. The research results indicated that media consumption patterns have a significant impact of 0.744 on the effective management of female athletes' bodies, which is statistically significant at the level of 0.21. In other words, attention to media consumption patterns can lead to the enhancement of effective body management for female athletes. Various studies have addressed this issue in different research contexts. The importance of effective management of female athletes' bodies has made the need to identify the influential variables more important than ever. Considering the significant functions of media consumption patterns, the present research was designed and conducted to investigate the impact of media consumption patterns on the effective management of female athletes' bodies. This research is of an applied nature and was conducted in the field. The research method used was survey-based in terms of data collection. The statistical population consisted of female athletes at the professional sports level for whom precise information on their numbers was not available. Based on the Cochran formula, in the absence of information about the population, a sample of 384 individuals was determined for the research. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire designed based on theoretical foundations and expert opinions. This questionnaire consisted of 18 questions, with 8 questions focusing on media consumption patterns and 10 questions on effective body management. The data analysis of the present research was performed using the structural equation modeling method. All data analysis processes were conducted using SPSS and PLS software. The research results indicated that media consumption patterns have a significant impact of 0.744 on the effective management of female athletes' bodies, which is statistically significant at the level of 0.21. In other words, attention to media consumption patterns can lead to the enhancement of effective body management for female athletes. Various studies have addressed this issue in different research contexts. https://sportmedia.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_9310_5fb75770a729b9adac96cf0cb21a3654.pdf

Payame Noor University Communication Management in Sport Media 2345-5578 11 1 2023 09 23 Investigation the Relationship Between the Components of the Comfort-Seeking Lifestyle and its Role in Sports Physical Activities in Schools with the Mediation Role of Communication Skills Investigation the Relationship Between the Components of the Comfort-Seeking Lifestyle and its Role in Sports Physical Activities in Schools with the Mediation Role of Communication Skills 102 113 10308 10.30473/jsm.2023.67798.1748 FA Nadereh Bahri Instructor, Department of Educational Sciences, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2023 07 22 The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the components of the comfort-seeking lifestyle and its role in physical and sports activities in schools in order to achieve a fundamental model. The method of this research is in the form of fuzzy Delphi, and after extracting the challenges related to school sports, questionnaires were conducted through interviews with 20 coaches and teachers of sports in Tehran's District 5 in order to prioritize these challenges and also examine their impact on the sports field. The research results indicate that the following factors: the emphasis of authorities and families on academic matters rather than physical activity, interest in computer games, students' lifestyle changes towards low physical activity, limited hours of sports compared to other study hours, fear of facing group games due to the COVID-19 pandemic, lack of definition of new sports during sports hours, isolation and tendency towards solitude during sports hours, obesity and excessive fatigue, inappropriate diet, and weakness during sports hours, have the greatest impact on students' physical and sports activities in order of priority. The use of communication skills compensates for the isolated and passive lifestyle of students in schools and can compensate for its shortcomings by forming communication networks and support in schools. The research results also indicate the confirmation of the relationship between components related to communication skills and students' sports activities in schools. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the components of the comfort-seeking lifestyle and its role in physical and sports activities in schools in order to achieve a fundamental model. The method of this research is in the form of fuzzy Delphi, and after extracting the challenges related to school sports, questionnaires were conducted through interviews with 20 coaches and teachers of sports in Tehran's District 5 in order to prioritize these challenges and also examine their impact on the sports field. The research results indicate that the following factors: the emphasis of authorities and families on academic matters rather than physical activity, interest in computer games, students' lifestyle changes towards low physical activity, limited hours of sports compared to other study hours, fear of facing group games due to the COVID-19 pandemic, lack of definition of new sports during sports hours, isolation and tendency towards solitude during sports hours, obesity and excessive fatigue, inappropriate diet, and weakness during sports hours, have the greatest impact on students' physical and sports activities in order of priority. The use of communication skills compensates for the isolated and passive lifestyle of students in schools and can compensate for its shortcomings by forming communication networks and support in schools. The research results also indicate the confirmation of the relationship between components related to communication skills and students' sports activities in schools. https://sportmedia.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_10308_c502f62c8e3ba9bc6c31b006f75fd8d3.pdf

Payame Noor University Communication Management in Sport Media 2345-5578 11 1 2023 09 23 Compilation of the Communication Model of Mass Media on the Development of Moral Literacy of Professional Iranian Football Players Compilation of the Communication Model of Mass Media on the Development of Moral Literacy of Professional Iranian Football Players 114 127 9321 10.30473/jsm.2022.64260.1629 FA Reza Ebrahimi Department of Physical Education, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran. Saeid Ghorbani Department of Physical Education, Aliabad Katoul Branch, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran. MohamadAli Nodehi Department of Physical Education, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran. Mojtaba Ahmadi Assistant Professor, Department of Department of Physical Education, Bandar-e-Gaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar-e-Gaz, Iran. Zahra Chahar Baghi Department of Physical Education, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Iran. Journal Article 2022 05 31 The current study was designed and conducted to develop a communication model of mass media aimed at enhancing the moral literacy of professional Iranian football players. For practical purposes, the study employed a descriptive-survey research design with a mixed method approach to data collection. The qualitative segment of the research focused on experts and professors in sports management with relevant experience and knowledge, while the quantitative segment targeted all male football players in the premier leagues and the Azadegan League. The total population comprised 612 adult players from 16 professional league teams and 18 Azadegan League teams. Research tools included semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire consisting of 21 items with 2 main component variables in Likert scale format. Data analysis involved open, axial, and selective coding for the qualitative segment, and structural equation modeling for the quantitative segment. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 24 and Smart PLS version 2 software. The findings revealed that various forms of mass media influence the moral literacy of professional athletes. Based on the study results, it is recommended that mass media platforms incorporate the teaching of moral values and literacy directly and indirectly in their programs, especially for prominent professional football players and other members of society. The current study was designed and conducted to develop a communication model of mass media aimed at enhancing the moral literacy of professional Iranian football players. For practical purposes, the study employed a descriptive-survey research design with a mixed method approach to data collection. The qualitative segment of the research focused on experts and professors in sports management with relevant experience and knowledge, while the quantitative segment targeted all male football players in the premier leagues and the Azadegan League. The total population comprised 612 adult players from 16 professional league teams and 18 Azadegan League teams. Research tools included semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire consisting of 21 items with 2 main component variables in Likert scale format. Data analysis involved open, axial, and selective coding for the qualitative segment, and structural equation modeling for the quantitative segment. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 24 and Smart PLS version 2 software. The findings revealed that various forms of mass media influence the moral literacy of professional athletes. Based on the study results, it is recommended that mass media platforms incorporate the teaching of moral values and literacy directly and indirectly in their programs, especially for prominent professional football players and other members of society. https://sportmedia.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_9321_56d9861e5c8968070fc8337c7b306f84.pdf