saeed yousefi; fateme abdavi; Yaquob Badriazarin; maryam moghadam
Abstract
In the first study, this research designed sports posts with the content of affective and instrumental benefits of sport, and in the second study, it measured their effect on sports intention, emotional satisfaction, and recall among students. The purpose of the first study was to design and evaluate ...
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In the first study, this research designed sports posts with the content of affective and instrumental benefits of sport, and in the second study, it measured their effect on sports intention, emotional satisfaction, and recall among students. The purpose of the first study was to design and evaluate Instagram sports posts with captions of affective and instrumental benefits of exercise along with pictures in eight separate conditions, and the results obtained from the first study indicated that the designed posts are suitable for each condition. The second study was also a 2 x 4 experimental design, in which the participants in eight separate conditions online viewed the Instagram sports posts designed in the first study. The results also indicated that there was a significant increase in the intention to follow the sport compared to the baseline in the emotional educational conditions (t(71)=-5.45, P < 0.001) and the physical educational conditions (t(55)=-3.26, P < 0.002). has it. Also, affective and instrumental informative sports posts had more emotional satisfaction and recall scores than other posts. Therefore, viewing informative Instagram sports posts with affective and instrumental captions has been more effective in encouraging sports activities compared to neutral, seductive and textual sports posts. This study provides evidence for the use of caption-related affective and instrumental visual content in Instagram sports posts to motivate people to exercise.
Sports Media
Sajedeh Sadat Mortazavi; Ghodratoalahe Bagheri Ragheb; Ebrahi Alidost Ghahfarokhi; Ali Saberi
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to design the gross national happiness model based on sports events through virtual pages. The research method is qualitative and with a thematic approach. The statistical population included two sections of human resources (professors) and information sources related ...
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The purpose of this research is to design the gross national happiness model based on sports events through virtual pages. The research method is qualitative and with a thematic approach. The statistical population included two sections of human resources (professors) and information sources related to the research topic. The human sample included sports management professors specializing in sports events, media and also in the field of happiness. The criteria for selecting these people was to have research experience in these fields (at least two published studies). The sources of information included the comments of the followers of the personal pages of Iranian national athletes. Athletes who had a history of participating in world arenas (World Cup, Olympics and Asian Games) and were able to bring honors to Iran. The number of professors participating in the research was 15 (the criteria for completing the interviews was theoretical saturation) and the number of analyzed pages on Instagram was 22. Sampling was done in a targeted manner in the human resources and information resources department. The results of the coding showed that there are three main codes related to sports (sports performance, competition results and legionaries of athletes), related to behavior (observance of morals and behavior with fans) and symbols and appearances (religious elements, anthem and flag of Iran, movements Symbolism and covering of players) is one of the main components effective in creating gross national happiness based on sports events through virtual pages.
Validating Research Tool
Ramin Iraji Noghondar
Abstract
The aim of this research was to analyze the factor structure of the reputation questionnaire of social media sports influencers from the perspective of the audience of the Instagram social network. The research method is a descriptive-survey type and in terms of the goal, it is a developmental type that ...
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The aim of this research was to analyze the factor structure of the reputation questionnaire of social media sports influencers from the perspective of the audience of the Instagram social network. The research method is a descriptive-survey type and in terms of the goal, it is a developmental type that has been implemented in the field. The statistical population of this research was made up of sports users following ten social media influencers in Iran, from whom 634 questionnaires were collected by random sampling. In order to collect data, Rao and Han (2021) reputation questionnaire of social media influencers, which consisted of 27 questions, was used. In order to analyze the data from descriptive indices and Cronbach's alpha test, one-sample t test, MacDonald's omega coefficient and theta coefficient in SPSS software, exploratory factor analysis and data skewness and truncated test in Stata software and Confirmatory factor analysis was used in LISREL statistical software. The results showed the reliability of the questionnaire (α=0.951, Ω=0.959, θ=0.963). The results showed that the reputation of social media influencers can be measured by four components of communication skills, influence, credibility and experience and expertise. Convergent and divergent validity and model fit indices were also confirmed. Finally, it is suggested to use the social media influencers' reputation questionnaire, which is a reliable and valid scale to evaluate the factors of social media influencers' reputation in the field of the Instagram social network, and obtain reliable and stable results.
Sports Media
yasaman rezaeiniya; mahdi bashiri; Behrouz Ghorbanzadeh; Sheyda Amini
Abstract
A B S T R A C T
The main objective of the present research was to investigate the factors affecting the development of athletes’ personal brands through the social network Instagram. This research was a cross-sectional study that was applied in terms of purpose, descriptive in terms of method, ...
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A B S T R A C T
The main objective of the present research was to investigate the factors affecting the development of athletes’ personal brands through the social network Instagram. This research was a cross-sectional study that was applied in terms of purpose, descriptive in terms of method, and survey-based in terms of the collector data. The statistical population of the research included athletes, champions and coaches of sports disciplines who are members of the social network Instagram and have an active account. Using Morgan's table, a sample size of384 was determined, but taking into account a percentage for non-return of questionnaires,400 questionnaires were distributed and collected. The face and content validity of it was confirmed by 8 professors, management specialists, and sports sciences experts. The questionnaire consisted of three sections: demographic questions,Chan-Olmested et al(2013)social media characteristics questionnaire, and Arai's(2010)athletes personal branding. For the statistical analysis of the data obtained from the research, SPSSv27 and Smart.PLS.4 software were used. The results showed that the characteristics of openness, communication, participation, conversationality, and sharing on the social network Instagram have a direct and significant effect on the personal branding of athletes, and the factors influencing the personal branding of athletes through the social network Instagram have different priorities. Therefore, athletes should create a positive and attractive image of their brand on Instagram based on their personality traits, appearance, professional capabilities, lifestyle, and behavioral patterns, and utilize the media potential of Instagram to introduce their sports achievements, goals, values, and personality.
Sports Media
Jalal Rostami; Leila Ghorbani Ghahfarokhi; Abolfazl Farahani
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the impact of social media on sports corruption disclosure and identify the opportunities and challenges related to this issue. This research is qualitative and was conducted using a multiple-case study approach. The statistical population included sports journalists, ...
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The present study aims to investigate the impact of social media on sports corruption disclosure and identify the opportunities and challenges related to this issue. This research is qualitative and was conducted using a multiple-case study approach. The statistical population included sports journalists, social media activists, sports media experts, sports managers, and university professors who had experience and involvement in exposing sports corruption through social media. Purposeful sampling was conducted and finally, 18 individuals were selected as participants until theoretical saturation was reached. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and qualitative content analysis of posts and content published on social media platforms such as Twitter, Instagram, and Telegram. Thematic analysis was used to interpret the data. The findings of this study showed that social media provides opportunities such as quick access to information, direct publication of documents, compelling officials to be accountable, creating collaborative networks for whistleblowing, increasing public oversight, and rebuilding public trust. These opportunities reduce the power of concealment by offenders and encourage individuals to participate in combating corruption. However, challenges such as legal prosecutions, security threats, dissemination of false information, and psychological pressure on whistleblowers, poor platform security, and cultural resistance may limit the effectiveness of disclosures and have negative consequences for whistleblowers. As a result, despite numerous challenges, social media is recognized as an effective tool for exposing sports corruption and promoting transparency.
Sport Advertising
Amir Mohammad Nasiri; Afshar Noori Ravesh; Habib Honari
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the sentiments of football fans to understand their reactions to sponsorship deals in Iranian football. The statistical population for this study comprised all text-based comments on the sponsorship announcement posts from the official Instagram pages of Esteghlal FC and Rightel. ...
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This study aimed to analyze the sentiments of football fans to understand their reactions to sponsorship deals in Iranian football. The statistical population for this study comprised all text-based comments on the sponsorship announcement posts from the official Instagram pages of Esteghlal FC and Rightel. Sentiment analysis was employed as the research method. Subsequently, the Python programming language and the TextBlob library were utilized to conduct the analysis. The results revealed that the average polarity of comments in posts associated with Esteghlal FC and Rightel were +0.321 and +0.445, respectively, indicating a positive outlook among fans towards the sponsorship. Additionally, the average subjectivity in the posts for Esteghlal FC and Rightel were +0.721 and +0.699, respectively, suggesting a tendency for the views to reflect personal sentiments and perceptions. The findings indicate that Rightel’s sponsorship deal with Esteghlal FC is largely perceived positively by fans, implying that strategic sponsorship in sports can facilitate effective communication with supporters. These results may assist clubs and sponsors in utilizing sentiment analysis to accurately gauge fan perspectives and enhance positive interactions.
Sport Advertising
Farideh Mahmoudian; Zohrhe Hasani
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the effect of professional athletes' interactions on Instagram on the athlete's brand image, with the mediating roles of relationship quality, brand authenticity, and fan attachment. The methodology employed in this study was descriptive-correlational, and the statistical ...
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The aim of this study was to identify the effect of professional athletes' interactions on Instagram on the athlete's brand image, with the mediating roles of relationship quality, brand authenticity, and fan attachment. The methodology employed in this study was descriptive-correlational, and the statistical population consisted of approximately 50,000 students from four public universities in west of Iran, from which 590 individuals were selected as a sample. A structural equation model was utilized to test the hypotheses. The findings indicated that interactions on Instagram have a positive and significant indirect effect on the athlete's brand image, with a regression coefficient of 0.28, mediated by fan attachment. Additionally, the regression coefficient for the indirect effect of Instagram interactions on brand image through relationship quality and fan attachment (0.22) was greater than the mediating effect of brand authenticity and fan attachment (0.10). As a result, athletes can gain significant benefits by strategically and programmatically utilizing Instagram to manage the content of their posts.
Sport Advertising
Abed Mahmoudian; Saeed Sadeghi Boruojerdi; Ako Ibrahim Faqe Mahmood; Mohsen Heidari Toupkanlou
Abstract
In today's sport industry, the proper use of social media can be used as a strategy to create a distinction for a sports team brand in a highly competitive market. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to analyze the response of fans to the brand attributes of sports teams in the social network ...
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In today's sport industry, the proper use of social media can be used as a strategy to create a distinction for a sports team brand in a highly competitive market. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to analyze the response of fans to the brand attributes of sports teams in the social network Instagram. The research method was descriptive-analytical. 577 Instagram posts were analyzed from two football sports teams, in which the photos were based on related attributes (team success, star players and head coach) and unrelated (brand, management, club history and tradition, club values and culture, Event image, sponsor, fans and stadium) were categorized by product. Statistical analysis included analyzing the content of Instagram posts related to teams and examining the number of likes and comments related to posts. The findings showed; The most posts shared by both teams were about the team's success, the star players and the team coach. Also, the highest number of likes and comments were related to posts with the content of team success, star players, head coach, fans for Esteghlal team and the highest number of likes and comments for Persepolis team were related to posts with event image, success, star player and head coach content. This study highlights the importance of each of the brand characteristics of sports teams in the midst of online interaction and engagement of fans. it is suggested that marketing and sports managers of teams should have a better understanding of the semiotics of images for Instagram posts to increase the number of comments and likes and ultimately increase interaction with them.
Sport Advertising
Saheb Daryaei; saeed amirnejad; sajjad ghadami
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of Instagram bloggers in influencing the intention to purchase sports products, with the mediating effect of attitude towards the brand. This research is of a descriptive-correlational nature in terms of both its practical objective and method. The statistical ...
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The present study aimed to investigate the role of Instagram bloggers in influencing the intention to purchase sports products, with the mediating effect of attitude towards the brand. This research is of a descriptive-correlational nature in terms of both its practical objective and method. The statistical population of the study consisted of all Instagram users who had purchased sports products through this platform. Due to the limited statistical population, the sample was selected through convenience sampling, comprising 221 individuals. The research tools used in this study included a researcher-made questionnaire on the role of Instagram bloggers, the standard intention to purchase questionnaire by Naito and Kim (2006), and the standard attitude towards the brand questionnaire by Crystalis and Cherischo (2013). The face and content validity of the questionnaires were confirmed by 10 marketing and sports management experts, and the reliability of the three questionnaires was reported as 0.85, 0.86, and 0.88 respectively, based on Cronbach's alpha. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as Smirnov-Kolmogorov test, Spearman's correlation coefficient, stepwise regression analysis, and Sobel test were used for data analysis in the SPSS software version 25. The findings of the study indicated that the role of Instagram bloggers significantly influences the intention to purchase sports products. Specifically, there was a positive and significant relationship between the bloggers' expertise and purchase intention by 17%, the bloggers' likable personality and purchase intention by 22%, the trustworthiness of the blogger and purchase intention by 40%, the social attractiveness of the blogger and purchase intention by 57%, and finally, the blogger's personality style and purchase intention by 51%. Therefore, the attention to these factors by sports bloggers can have a positive impact on the minds of sports consumers who follow them. Furthermore, the results showed that the role of Instagram bloggers, with the mediating effect of attitude towards the brand, can significantly affect the intention to purchase sports products. As a result, organizations, companies, and sports producers can utilize popular domestic and international Instagram bloggers, considering the bloggers' characteristics and the public's mindset about them, to promote and sell their sports products for the advancement of their organizational goals.
Abed Mahmoudian; Saeed Sadeghi Boruojerdi; Vahid Delshab
Abstract
Instagram has increasingly become a tool for sharing visual content for professional athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to use Instagram as a personal brand management tool for professional athletes. The method of qualitative research was quantitative content analysis. 472 Instagram posts ...
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Instagram has increasingly become a tool for sharing visual content for professional athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to use Instagram as a personal brand management tool for professional athletes. The method of qualitative research was quantitative content analysis. 472 Instagram posts of two professional footballers (Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi) were analyzed, in which the photos were categorized based on product-related and non-product-related attributes. Statistical analysis included analyzing the content of Instagram posts and examining the number of likes and comments on the athletes' Instagram page. The findings showed; for both athletes, posts with non-product-related features were significantly more shared than posts with product-related features on Instagram. The number of likes on posts with product-related attributes was significantly higher than the number of likes on posts with non-product-related features for both athletes. Also, the number of comments in posts with product-unrelated attributes content was significantly higher than the number of comments in product-related attributes posts for both athletes. This study shows that Instagram facilitates the understanding of how fans engage and interact with posts related to athlete brand attributes, and fans can play a more active role in the athlete brand building process through likes and comments. Based on this, it is suggested that professional athletes should have a greater understanding of the semiotics of images for posts in order to increase the number of comments and likes of their fans.
Abed Mahmoudian; Saeed Sadeghi Boruojerdi; Mojtaba Ghasemi Siani; Ako Ibrahim Faqe Mahmoud
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine moderating role of using Instagram in relationship between involvement with the team, Attachment and the fans loyalty ) Case Study: Persepolis football team). The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consisted of all ...
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The purpose of the present study was to examine moderating role of using Instagram in relationship between involvement with the team, Attachment and the fans loyalty ) Case Study: Persepolis football team). The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consisted of all students of Persepolis fans football team in University of Kurdistan, that 420 of them were selected as statistical sample. The questionnaires of sports involvement dimensions by Kyle et al. (2003), attachment from Funk and James (2006), loyalty by Baer et al. (2008) were used, that its formal and content validity was by experts and their internal consistency was confirmed through alpha Cronbach, and structural equations and linear regression were used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that the involvement with the team, with a regression coefficient of 0.24, had a positive effect on the team's dependency variable, and also dependency variable of the team with a 0.50 regression coeficient, had a positive and meaningful effect on fans’ loyalty. Also, the team involvement variable without the use of the Instagram, predicts 14% of the variance of the team's attachment, which increases by 3.5% in the presence of Instagram, that is, 17.5% of increasing. Theoretically, the results of this research highlight the importance and application of the social media platform and the production of optimal content in the team marketing strategies. Scientifically, it is suggested to the sport team managers, by strengthening their relationships with fans through Instagram, increase the likelihood of involvement, dependence and loyalty of their
shahrzad Nayyeri; marjan safari
Volume 3, Issue 4 , September 2016, , Pages 45-58
Abstract
This study for understanding the applications of communication theories in the field of sport was developed in three parts: (1) A review of the six most cited communication theories (Agenda Setting, Framing, Cultivation, Disposition-Based Theory, Social Identity and Hegemonic); (2) A introduction of ...
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This study for understanding the applications of communication theories in the field of sport was developed in three parts: (1) A review of the six most cited communication theories (Agenda Setting, Framing, Cultivation, Disposition-Based Theory, Social Identity and Hegemonic); (2) A introduction of relatively new link between social media and sport communication studies (Parasocial interaction and uses & gratifications theories) And (3) applying the uses & gratifications theory as the basis for analysing Sardar Azmoun’s motives for using Instagram. For this purpose the content analysis as an efficient method of qualitative analysis was used. 100 recent posts of 246 total posts of Sardar Azmoun’s Instagram were analyzed to extract themes. Data analysis in order to identify the motives of Instagram users showed six major themes and eleven sub-themes: Interactivity with other athletes and fans main theme consisting of Prayer, love of country, thanks and greeting Sub-themes; diversion main theme consisting of providing information about the interests sub-theme; information sharing main theme consisting of offering insights about coaches and offering insights about other athletes sub-themes; linking to content main theme consisiting of pointing fans to places of interest sub-theme; fanship main theme consisitining of sharing their fandom of other sports sub-theme and promotional main theme consisting of endorsing public relations efforts and stimulating motives sub-themes.